N α N β = e − Δ E k T = e − ( E 1 − E 2 ) k T {\displaystyle {\frac {N_{\mathrm {\alpha } }}{N_{\mathrm {\beta } }}}=\mathrm {e} ^{-\Delta E \over kT}=\mathrm {e} ^{-(E_{1}-E_{2}) \over kT}}
k = R N L = 8,314 J ⋅ m o l 6,023 ⋅ 10 23 m o l ⋅ K = 1 , 38 ⋅ 10 − 23 J K {\displaystyle k={\frac {R}{N_{L}}}={\frac {8{,}314J\cdot mol}{6{,}023\cdot 10^{23}mol\cdot K}}=1{,}38\cdot 10^{-23}{\frac {J}{K}}}
N α N β {\displaystyle {\frac {N_{\mathrm {\alpha } }}{N_{\mathrm {\beta } }}}}
δ = v P r o b e − v T M S v T M S ⋅ 10 6 p p m {\displaystyle {\delta }={\frac {v_{Probe}-v_{TMS}}{v_{TMS}}}\cdot 10^{6}ppm}
v = γ B 0 2 π {\displaystyle v={\frac {{\gamma }B_{0}}{2{\pi }}}}
Δ E = h ⋅ v {\displaystyle {\Delta }E=h\cdot v}
g m o l {\displaystyle {\frac {g}{mol}}}
g c m 3 {\displaystyle {\frac {g}{cm^{3}}}}
p g e s < p a + p b ⋅ {\displaystyle p_{ges}<p_{a}+p_{b}\cdot }
R f = x S u b s t a n z x F M {\displaystyle R_{f}={\frac {x_{Substanz}}{x_{FM}}}}
C X H Y O Z → a C O + b H 2 O {\displaystyle {C_{X}H_{Y}O_{Z}\rightarrow a\ CO+b\ H_{2}O}}
C O + H 2 O → C O 2 + H 2 {\displaystyle {CO+H_{2}O\rightarrow CO_{2}+H_{2}}}
C + 2 H 2 O → 2 H 2 + C O 2 {\displaystyle {C+2\ H_{2}O\rightarrow 2\ H_{2}+CO_{2}}}
2 C H 4 + O 2 → 2 C O + 2 H 2 {\displaystyle {2\ CH_{4}+O_{2}\rightarrow 2\ CO+2\ H_{2}}}
1 f = 1 g + 1 b {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{f}}={\frac {1}{g}}+{\frac {1}{b}}}
f = 1 1 g + 1 b {\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{{\frac {1}{g}}+{\frac {1}{b}}}}}
f = g b g + b {\displaystyle f={\frac {gb}{g+b}}}
f = a 2 − v 2 4 a {\displaystyle f={\frac {a^{2}-v^{2}}{4a}}}
a = g + b {\displaystyle a=g+b\,}
f ( g + b ) = g b = a f {\displaystyle f(g+b)=gb=af\,}
0 = g + b − a {\displaystyle 0=g+b-a\,}
0 = g 2 + g b − g a {\displaystyle 0=g^{2}+gb-ga\,}
0 = g 2 − g a + a f {\displaystyle 0=g^{2}-ga+af\,}
g 1 , 2 = a 2 ± a 2 4 + a f {\displaystyle g_{1,2}={\frac {a}{2}}\pm {\sqrt {{\frac {a^{2}}{4}}+af}}}
v = g 1 − g 2 {\displaystyle v=g_{1}-g_{2}\,}
v = 2 a 2 4 + a f {\displaystyle v=2{\sqrt {{\frac {a^{2}}{4}}+af}}}
v 2 4 = a 2 4 − a f {\displaystyle {\frac {v^{2}}{4}}={\frac {a^{2}}{4}}-af}
a f = a 2 − v 2 4 {\displaystyle af={\frac {a^{2}-v^{2}}{4}}}