Benutzer:A. Dittel/Frederic Wood Jones
Frederic Wood Jones (23. Januar 1879 in London – 29.September 1954) war ein britischer Anatom und Anthropologe.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Leben und Wirken
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Jones wurde für seine Arbeiten über die menschliche Evolution bekannt, wo er sich besonders der Paläoanthropologie zuwandte. Er arbeitete u. a. an der London School of Medicine for Women, University of Adelaide, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, University of Melbourne, University of Manchester und dem Royal College of Surgeons of England. Von 1943 bis 1945 war er Präsident der Anatomischen Gesellschaft von Großbritannien und Irland.[7]
Tarsian hypothesis
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Jones favoured a long separate, non-anthropoid ancestry for humans. He believed that science should search as far back as the primitive tarsioid stock to find a sufficiently generalised form that would be the common ancestor of man, monkeys and the anthropoid apes. The tarsian hypothesis of Jones, which he held to from 1918[8] until his death, claimed that the human line of development did not diverge from that of apes or monkeys but from much earlier, before the Oligocene 30 million years ago, from a common ancestor with a primitive primate group of which the only other survivor is the Tarsier.[9] Wood Jones in his The Ancestry Of Man (1923) described his Tarsian hypothesis as follows:
Wood Jones explained common structural features between Man and the apes (and monkeys) through convergent evolution. In 1948 he wrote:
Philosophy
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Jones rejected organised religion and idea of an anthropomorphic deity. He believed there was a cosmic mind behind nature. He defended the holistic philosophy of Jan Smuts and was a strong critic of Darwinism. His philosophical views are discussed in his book Design and Purpose (1942).[10][11]
Publications
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As well as numerous scientific papers, books he authored, coauthored and edited include:
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1912). Coral and Atolls. A History and Description of the Keeling-Cocos Islands, with an account of their Fauna and Flora, and a Discussion of the Method of Development and Transformation of Coral Structures in General. Lovell, Reeve & Co Ltd: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1916). Arboreal Man. Edward Arnold: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1918). The Problem of Man's Ancestry. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1920). The Principles of Anatomy as Seen in the Hand. J. & A. Churchill: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1923). The Ancestry Of Man. Douglas Price Memorial Lecture, No.3. R G. Gilles & Co.: Brisbane.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1923). The Position of Anatomy in the Modern Medical Curriculum and the Conception of Cytoclesis. Hassell Press: Adelaide.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1923–25). The Mammals of South Australia. Parts I-III. Handbooks of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Government Printer: Adelaide.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1925). Unscientific Essays. Edward Arnold & Co: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1929). Man's Place Among the Mammals. Edward Arnold: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1934). Sea Birds Simplified. Edward Arnold & Co.: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1934). Unscientific Excursions. Edward Arnold & Co: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1939). Life and Living. Kegan Paul: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1942). Design and Purpose. Kegan Paul: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1943). Habitat and Heritage. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1946). Structure and Function as Seen in the Foot. Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1946). The Principles of Anatomy as Seen in the Hand. Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1948). Hallmarks of Mankind. Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (1953). Trends of Life. Edward Arnold: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood. (Ed.). (1946). Buchanan's Manual of Anatomy. Bailliere Tindall and Cox: London.
- Jones, Frederic Wood; & Porteus, Stanley David. (1928). Matrix of the Mind. University of Hawaiʻi: Honolulu.
Einzelnachweise
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ B. E. Christophers: Frederic Wood Jones: His Major Books and How They Were Reviewed. In: ANZ Journal of Surgery. 67. Jahrgang, Nr. 9, 1997, S. 645–659, doi:10.1111/j.1445-2197.1997.tb04617.x, PMID 9322706.
- ↑ W. E. Clark: In memoriam: Frederic Wood Jones, D.Sc., F.R.C.S., F.R.S., 1879-1954; an appreciation. In: Journal of Anatomy. 89. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 1955, S. 255–267, PMID 14367223, PMC 1244790 (freier Volltext).
- ↑ Vorlage:Cite ODNB
- ↑ Christophers, Barry E. (Compiler). (1974). A List of the Published Works of Frederic Wood Jones, 1879–1954. Greensborough Press: Melbourne
- ↑ Photograph from University of Adelaide Library website web.archive.org Fehler bei Vorlage * Parametername unbekannt (Vorlage:Webarchiv): "date" Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Genau einer der Parameter 'wayback', 'webciteID', 'archive-today', 'archive-is' oder 'archiv-url' muss angegeben werden. Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: enWP-Wert im Parameter 'url'.
- ↑ MacCallum, Monica: Jones, Frederic Wood (1879–1954), Australian Dictionary of Biography Accessed 27 October 2011.
- ↑ The Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland – Presidents of the Society. The Anatomical Society, abgerufen am 21. Oktober 2012.
- ↑ Wood Jones proposed the Tarsian hypothesis on the 27th Feb. 1918 at a lecture entitled "The Origin of Man" at King's College, London, later published in Animal life and human progress (1919). ed. A. Dendy, Constable, London. Wood Jones followed with the booklet The Problem of Man's Ancestry (1919) discussing his theory the same year, followed by three other books defending the theory: The Ancestry Of Man (1923), Man's Place Among the Mammals (1929) and Hallmarks of Mankind (1948).
- ↑ Reed Business Information: New Scientist. Reed Business Information via Google Books, 3. Juli 1958, abgerufen am 10. November 2017.
- ↑ Bowler, Peter J. (2001). Reconciling Science and Religion: The Debate in Early-Twentieth-Century Britain. University of Chicago Press. p. 146
- ↑ MacCallum, Monica. (1983). "Jones, Frederic Wood (1879–1954)". Australian Dictionary of Biography.
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[[Category:1879 births]] [[Category:1954 deaths]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]] [[Category:British anthropologists]] [[Category:British naturalists]] [[Category:People educated at Enfield Grammar School]] [[Category:20th-century British writers]] [[Category:British anatomists]] [[Category:Lamarckism]] [[Category:Scientists from London]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Adelaide]] [[Category:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa faculty]] [[Category:Academic staff of the University of Melbourne]] [[Category:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester]] [[Category:Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England]] [[Category:Presidents of the Anatomical Society]]