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Antoine Fauchery

Antoine Julien Fauchery, (* 15. November 1823 in Paris, † 27. April 1861 in Yokohama) war ein französischer Fotograf, Schriftsteller, Journalist, Goldsucher und Abenteurer.

Lebensweg

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Antoine Julien Fauchery wurde als zweites Kind des Kaufmanns Julien Fauchery und seiner Frau Sophie Gilberte, geb. Soré, am 15. November 1823 in Paris geboren. Fauchery erhielt Malunterricht von Léon Cogniet (1794–1880), war aber nicht nur als Maler, sondern auch als Architekt, Holzschneider und schließlich als Journalist tätig. Dank einer zufälligen Begegnung mit dem gleichaltrigen französischen Dichter Théodore de Banville (1823–1891) fand Fauchery Zugang zu einigen bekannten Pariser Schriftstellern, wie Henri Murger (1822–1861), Jules Champfleury (1821–1889), Charles Baudelaire (1821–1867) und Gérard de Nerval (1808–1855). Fauchery schrieb für die Zeitung Le Corsaire und verfasste mehrere Pamphlete. Er diente Henri Murger als Vorbild für dessen Figur des Malers Marcel in Murgers Roman „Scènes de la Vie de Bohème“, auf dem das Libretto von Luigi Illica und Giuseppe Giacosa für die von Giacomo Puccini komponierte Oper „La Bohème“ beruht.

Antoine Fauchery freundete sich auch mit dem bedeutenden französischen Fotopionier Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (1820–1910) an, der unter seinem Künstlernamen Nadar bekannt geworden ist.

Im Revolutionsjahr 1848 schlossen Nadar und Fauchery sich einer Gruppe französischer Idealisten und polnischer Emigranten an, die in das damals dreigeteilte Polen aufbrachen, um dieses Land in die Freiheit zu führen. Dieser Versuch scheiterte schon im Ansatz, und die Gruppe kehrte unverrichteter Dinge nach Paris zurück. Fauchery war im Zuge dieser Ereignisse für kurze Zeit in Magdeburg interniert.[1]

Nachdem Fauchery von den Goldfunden in Australien erfahren hatte, stach er am 23. Juli 1852 von London aus an Bord der Emily in See nach Port Phillip an der Südküste Australiens, wo er am 22. Oktober 1852 landete. Fauchery beschrieb die lange Reise nach Australien, die damals noch junge und recht überschaubare Stadt Melbourne und das Leben auf den Goldfeldern bei Ballarat und am Jim Crow Creek bei Daylesford und Hepburn Springs in einer Abfolge von 15 Briefen, die zunächst vom 9. Januar bis zum 8. Februar 1857 in der Pariser Zeitung Le Moniteur Universel veröffentlicht wurden und später im selben Jahr als Buch unter dem Titel „Lettres d’un Mineur en Australie“ („Briefe eines Bergarbeiters in Australien“) in dem Pariser Verlag Poulet Malassis et de Broise von Auguste Poulet-Malassis und seinem Schwager Eugène de Broise erschienen, der auch Baudelaires Fleurs du mal („Die Blumen des Bösen“) verlegt hatte. Wenn Fauchery auch einmal einen Gold-Nugget von fast vier Unzen (60 Gramm) Gewicht einfach beim Herumstochern in ein paar Graswurzeln fand, so war er doch alles in allem kein sehr erfolgreicher Goldsucher[2] und kehrte nach einiger Zeit in den Goldfeldern nach Melbourne zurück, wo er das Café Estaminet Français („Französisches Speisehaus“) in der Little Bourke Street East Nr. 76 eröffnete, das sich zu einem Treffpunkt für nicht-britischstämmige Einwanderer entwickelte.

Nach etwa vier Jahren Aufenthalt in Australien fuhr Fauchery am 5. März 1856 an Bord der Roxburgh Castle von Melbourne nach London zurück. Noch während dieser Rückfahrt, am 12. März 1856, wurde das Theaterstück „Calino, charge d'atelier“ („Calino, Werkstattleiter“), das Fauchery gemeinsam mit Théodore Barrière verfasst hatte, erfolgreich im Théâtre du Vaudeville in Paris uraufgeführt. Ebenfalls im Jahr 1856 wurde Faucherys „La Résurrection de Lazare“ („Die Wiederauferstehung des Lazarus“) bei Michel Lévy veröffentlicht, ein Theaterstück in Briefform, das Fauchery mit Henri Murger zusammen verfasst hatte.

Am 15. Januar 1857 heirateten Antoine Julien Fauchery und Louise-Joséphine Gatineau in der Pariser Kirche St-Pierre de Montmartre.

Schon bald darauf erhielt Fauchery vom französischen Kultusministerium eine offizielle Akkreditierung und staatliche Geldmittel, um erneut nach Australien, aber auch nach Indien und China zu reisen und von dort in Artikeln und Fotografien zu berichten. Am 20. Juli 1857 stachen Fauchery und seine Ehefrau an Bord der Sydenham von London aus in See und erreichten am 4. November 1857 Melbourne. Dort eröffnete Fauchery ein Fotoatelier in der Collins Street East Nr. 132. Dort bot er zunächst Fotografien feil, die er aus Paris mitgebracht hatte, und nahm Porträtfotos auf. Auf der 8. Jahresausstellung der Victorian Industrial Society wurden Fotografien Faucherys ausgestellt und mit einer Goldmedaille ausgezeichnet. Es handelte sich um Papierabzüge von Porträtfotos, die Fauchery von seinen Kollodium-Nassplatten angefertigt hatte.

Bald darauf begann die berufliche Zusammenarbeit Faucherys mit dem britischen Geologen und Fotografen Richard Daintree (1832–1878). Sie eröffneten gemeinsam ein Fotoatelier in Collins Street East in Melbourne. 1858 erschien ihr Fotoalbum Australia (Sun Pictures of Victoria), mit Porträtfotos von australischen Prominenten und von Aborigines, Fotos von den Goldminen sowie Architektur- und Landschaftsaufnahmen.

Fauchery war mit dem französischen Generalkonsul in Victoria, Comte Lionel Moréton de Chabrillan (1818-1858), befreundet, der am 29. Dezember 1858 in Melbourne verstarb.

Fauchery fuhr am 21. Februar 1859 von Melbourne ab, nach Manila auf den Philippinen. Ob er auch dort fotografiert hat, ist unbekannt. Philippinische Behörden stellen Fauchery am 23. März 1860 einen Reisepass für China aus. Er begleitete die französischen Expeditionsstreitkräfte im Zweiten Opium-Krieg (1856–1860) als Kriegskorrespondent und offizieller Fotograf, aber der Verbleib seiner Fotos aus dem Opiumkrieg ist unbekannt. Fauchery schrieb eine Serie von 15 Briefen aus China (Lettres de Chine), die in der Zeit vom 12. Oktober 1860 bis zum 3. Februar 1861 in Le Moniteur universel erschienen.

Am 12. Januar 1861 reiste Fauchery von Shanghai aus auf dem Dampfer Cadiz nach Yokohama in Japan weiter. Dort starb er nur drei Monate nach seiner Ankunft, am 27. April 1861, im Alter von nur 38 Jahren, an einer Durchfallerkrankung. Er wurde auf dem Ausländerfriedhof (Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery) beigesetzt.

Literatur und Quellen

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Rohstoffe, Zettelkasten, Quellen

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Die Firma „Ferrier père et fils & Soulier“ bot nicht nur die von Soulier und Ferrier selbst aufgenommenen Fotos an, sondern auch Aufnahmen von Francis Frith, Auguste-Rosalie Bisson, Jules Couppier, Antoine Fauchery, von der Firma „E. & H. T. Anthony & Co.“ der Brüder Edward und Henry T. Anthony sowie von John James Reilly.[3]

Design and Art Australia Online (DAAO.org)

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professional photographer, journalist and adventurer, second child of Julien Fauchery, a merchant, and Sophie Gilberte, née Soré, was born in Paris on 15 November 1823 and baptised at the Church of St Germain l’Auxerrois on 18 November. Little is known of his early years other than that he tried several of the arts, including architecture, painting (under the master Cogniet), wood-engraving and finally journalism. Following a chance introduction to Théodore de Banville he met a number of prominent writers in the bohemian circle, including Henri Mürger, Champfleury, Charles Baudelaire and Gérard de Nerval, and joined them in a literary career, contributing to the paper Le Corsaire-Satan and composing a number of pamphlets. Fauchery was immortalised in Henri Mürger’s Scènes de la Vie de Bohème (on which the opera La Bohème is based), being the model for the painter Marcel.

At this time Fauchery formed a close friendship with Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, the important and innovative photographer who used the pseudonym 'Nadar’. The two joined a group of French idealists and emigré Poles who left Paris in 1848 in order to liberate Poland. Beset by many difficulties, both financial and political, the would-be liberators returned to Paris, their mission aborted.

On 23 July 1852 Fauchery sailed from the Port of London on board the Emily bound for Port Phillip, having been attracted by the lure of the goldfields. The long voyage, the embryonic city of Melbourne and the Ballarat and Jim Crow fields were described in detail by Fauchery in a series of fifteen letters published from 9 January to 8 February 1857 in the Parisian newspaper Le Moniteur Universel . Later in 1857 these were published by Poulet Malassis et de Broise in Paris in a single volume with a preface by Théodore de Banville as Lettres d’un Mineur en Australie (translated by A.H. Chisholm and published in Melbourne in 1965). During his sojourn in Melbourne, Fauchery opened the Café Estaminet Français at 76 Little Bourke Street East where non-British immigrants could meet and play billiards.

Fauchery sailed from Melbourne for London on 5 March 1856 in the Roxburgh Castle . While homeward bound, his play Calino , written in collaboration with Théodore Barrière, was successfully staged at the Vaudeville Theatre in Paris on 12 March 1856. During the same year La Résurrection de Lazare , a drama in letter form which he had written with Mürger, was published by Michel Lévy. In Paris Fauchery married Louise-Joséphine Gatineau on 15 January 1857 at the church of St Pierre de Montmartre. Shortly afterwards he obtained official accreditation and funds from the Ministry of Public Instruction and Worship to allow him to return to Australia; he was to send home his written impressions and photographic details of the country and of India and China.

He and his wife sailed from the Port of London on 20 July 1857 on board the Sydenham . On arrival at Melbourne on 4 November 1857 he established himself as a photographer at 132 Collins Street East and advertised for sale photographs he had brought with him from Paris. In March 1858 Fauchery was awarded a gold medal for his photographic portraits on paper from collodion negatives shown at the Victorian Industrial Society’s eighth annual exhibition. One reviewer praising these 'exquisite portraits and other photographs on paper’, especially noted 'a remarkable fac-simile of an old print, which is placed beside it for comparison’. Soon afterwards the professional collaboration between Fauchery and the geologist Richard Daintree began. Together they opened a studio in Collins Street East.

The Fauchery-Daintree partnership produced some remarkable photographs for the time (La Trobe Library and John Oxley Library, Brisbane). They published an album of views and studies titled Australia which was favourably reviewed by the Argus on 13 August 1858 as 'the Sun Pictures of Victoria’, the reviewer noting that the series was ultimately 'to comprise fifty large photographs, in illustrations of our colonial celebrities, our landscape and marine scenery, and our private and public architecture … The collection under notice are admirable specimens of this branch of art, for art it is; as, irrespective of the skill requisite to manipulate successfully, the manipulators must also possess the artistic faculty in choice of subjects, in the selection of the most picturesque point of view, and in discerning the most favourable aspects or accidental dispositions of light and shade’.

There is no further evidence of Fauchery’s activities in Melbourne at this time other than his presence at the death-bed of his friend, the first French consul-general, Comte Lionel Moréton de Chabrillan. Fauchery sailed from Melbourne for Manila on 21 February 1859. Few details are available of the way in which he occupied his time there, and if he took any photographs in the Philippines their location today is unknown. Issued with a passport for China by Philippine officials on 23 March 1860, Fauchery joined the French expeditionary forces as war correspondent and official photographer, sending fifteen reports, as letters, to Le Moniteur Universel from 12 October 1860 to 3 February 1861. These were serialised in the newspaper as 'Lettres de Chine’ but the photographs he took in China have not been located. On 12 January 1861 Fauchery sailed for Japan from Shanghai. On 27 April 1861, only three months after his arrival, he died from a combination of gastritis and dysentery. Fauchery was buried in the Foreign Cemetery, now known as the Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery.

Writers: Reilly, Dianne Date written: 1992 Last updated: 2011

Dianne Reilly, „Antoine Fauchery“, in: Design and Art Australia Online (DAAO.org), https://www.daao.org.au/bio/antoine-fauchery/biography/

Hannavy (Hg.), „Ecyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography“

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„Australia“

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The first commercial portfolio to contain views of Melbourne, the Victorian goldfields and Aborigines was Sun Pictures of Victoria by Frenchman Antoine Fauchery (1823–61) and Richard Daintree (1832–78). Produced in ten monthly instalments, from November 1857 to early 1859, each part had five albumen photographs mounted on card (La Trobe Library, State Library of Victoria). Before leaving Melbourne in February 1859, Fauchery summed the series up in a letter accompanying an album to the French Minister of Public Instruction and Worship: “There are some of great men, some of towns, some of the mines, some of the savages. There is a little of everything.” Fauchery became an official war correspondent and photographer for the French expeditionary force in China. Daintree, a trained geologist made hundreds of photographs of Queensland in his capacity as the Geological Surveyor of North Queensland. After taking an exhibition of his pictures and mineral specimens to London in 1871, he was appointed the London Agent-General for Queensland from 1872–76. His landscape views were scientific and as well as documentary, inspiring others to take their photographic vans into the country for the views trade.

„Beato, Felice (C. 1834–1906)“

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Gathered into albums in chronological order, these photographs were sold to numerous British officers and soldiers in the course of the campaign. Although the experienced photographer Antoine Fauchery also accompanied the French forces, Beato’s portfolio constitutes the only substantive photographic record of the campaign and includes the earliest known photographs of Beijing.

Luke Gartlan, „Beato, Felice (C. 1834–1906)“, S. 128–131, S. 128, in: John Hannavy (Hg.), „Ecyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Photography“, Routledge-Verlag, Milton Park, Abingdon, 2008, http://home.fa.utl.pt/~cfig/Anima%E7%E3o%20e%20Cinema/Fotografia/Enciclopedia%20of%20the%2019th%20Century%20Photography.pdf

Englischer Wikipedia-Eintrag

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Antoine Julien Nicolas Fauchery (15 November 1823–1861) was a French adventurer, writer and photographer with republican sympathies. He participated in the national uprising in Poland in 1848 (Greater Poland Uprising), opened a photographic studio in Melbourne, Australia, in 1858, and was commissioned to accompany the French forces as they progressed to Beijing during the last stage of the Second Opium War in 1860. He wrote thirteen long dispatches from the front-line for le Moniteur, the official French government newspaper. He died in Yokohama of dysentery.

Contents 

   1 Early life and interests
   2 Writing and adventuring
   3 In Australia and return to Europe
   4 Return to Australia
   5 Final travels and death
   6 Selected bibliography
   7 References
   8 External links

Early life and interests

Antoine Fauchery was born in Paris, France, the son of Julien Fauchery, a merchant, and his wife Sophie Gilberte Soré. His parents, who married in 1818, are recorded as having a baby girl, Barbe Julie Sophie, in 1820, three years before Antoine's birth on 15 November 1823.[1] Fauchery's initial interests were in architecture, painting and engraving.[2]

Writing and adventuring

Due to a fortunate meeting in café in 1844 with the poet Théodore de Banville, Fauchery began to develop as a writer. He became part of the Bohemian circle that included writers Henri Murger, Champfleury, Charles Baudelaire, Gérard de Nerval and Théodore Barrière and contributed articles to the journal, Le Corsaire-Satan, along with the rest of that circle.[2] Through his friend, photographer Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon), in 1848 he journeyed with a group of idealistic French and Polish émigrés who were intent on liberating Poland from Russia. However, Fauchery and Nadar didn't have enough money to support them and were sent back to France a couple of months after they set out.[2]

Fauchery, according to De Banville, was immortalised in Henri Murger’s novel Scènes de la vie de Bohème in the character of the painter Marcel.[2][3] Between 1848 and 1852, Fauchery produced a number of pamphlets, serials and short plays, which were published in journals such as Le Corsaire, Journal pour Rire, Dix Décembre and L’Evénement.[2]

In Australia and return to Europe

In July 1852 Fauchery set out from London by ship for Australia with Louise, probably Louise Joséphine Gatineau (whom he later married in 1857), and he spent the better part of the next four years in Australia.[4] Once in Melbourne, he was apparently inspired to go to the goldfields by a Catholic Priest, a fellow Frenchman.[2] Fauchery went to the Ballarat Goldfields, a major destination during the Victorian Gold Rush, where he spent two years digging for gold but had little success himself, although witnessing some successful gold discoveries by others.[5] On his return to Melbourne, he established Café Estaminet Français at 76 Little Bourke Street in Melbourne to serve Europeans in the colony, who could meet and play billiards there. Later, he kept a provisions store at the Jim Crow gold diggings (Daylesford).[1]

Fauchery returned to UK/Europe in 1856, but missed the staging of a play he wrote with Théodore Barrière, Calino, charge d’atelier,[6] which was produced at the Vaudeville Theatre in Paris.[1] His letters, written while a gold miner, were serialised in Le Moniteur Universel, then later published in book form in 1857 as Lettres d’un minuer en Australie[7][8][9] and provided an account of day-to-day life and the society of the goldfields.

Return to Australia

Fauchery returned from London to Port Phillip, Australia, by the ship Sydenham with companion Julie in late 1857.[2] It was reported in January 1858 that he had brought various examples of photographic portraits of famous people with him on his return to Melbourne[10] and he set up a commercial photography studio at 132 Collins Street, Melbourne. In February of the same year, he won a gold medal for ‘various portraits on paper, from collodion negatives’ at an exhibition held by the Victorian Industrial Society.[11] As a working photographer, in November 1858 he photographed the Melbourne division of the Volunteer Artillery Regiment and the A and B troops of the mounted force as they went about their artillery practice and manoeuvres in the parkland adjoining the Princes Bridge barracks.[12] Photographs of Melbourne, the Victorian goldfields and Aboriginal Australians that he took with photographer Richard Daintree and sold in 1858 in monthly instalments, which became known as ‘Sun pictures of Victoria',[13] are some of the only existing images of the goldfields and Australian Aboriginal Peoples from this time.[5]

Final travels and death

In February of 1859, disillusioned with that city,[5] he left Melbourne and went to Manila. It is believed that the French government then paid him to go to China as a photographer and journalist or war correspondent. From July to November 1860 he was in China and sent regular reports back to France. His Lettres de Chine were serialised in Le Moniteur Universel (October 1860-February 1861).[14] Fauchery became ill while in China and died in Yokohama, Japan, probably of gastritis and dysentery, on 27 April 1861. He was buried in the Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery.[1]

Selected bibliography

Fiction

• Amours d’un Petit Bossu et d’une Magdeleine en Bois

• Une Histoire de l’ami Jacques

• Conte de Jour de l’an

Plays

• Fauchery, A. and Barrière, T. Caline, charge d’atelier [play staged 12 March 1856]

• Fauchery, A. and Murger, H. La Résurrection de Lazare (Paris: Michael Lévy, 1856)

Published letters

• Fauchery, A. Lettres d’un miner en Australie [serialised in Le moniteur universel 9 January-8 February 1857) and published Poulet Malassis et de Broise, Paris, 1857.

• Fauchery, A. Lettres d’Chine [serialised in Le moniteur universel 12 October 1860-3 February 1861)

Photographs

• Fauchery, A. and Daintree, R. Australia (1858) (known as ‘the Sun Pictures of Victoria’) [photographic views and studies]

Quelle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Fauchery

Australian Dictionary of Biography

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Fauchery, Antoine Julien (1827–1861)

by K. M. O'Neill

This article was published: in the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4 , 1972, online in 2006

Antoine Julien Fauchery (1827?-1861), writer and photographer, was born in Paris, son of Julien Fauchery and Sophie Gilberte Soret. After trying his hand at painting and wood-engraving, he turned to literature and contributed in particular to the Corsaire-Satan. In 1848 he left Paris with the photographer Nadar, supposedly to defend Poland but was instead imprisoned for a time in Magdeburg. In 1852 Fauchery sailed from Gravesend in the Emily for Melbourne, where he arrived on 22 October. He went to Ballarat and for two years worked on the goldfields. In 1854-55 he spent several months in Melbourne where, at 76 Little Bourke Street East, he founded the Café-Estaminet Français which was well patronized by non-British residents of the town. He returned to the goldfields and for some months was a store-keeper at the Jim Crow (Daylesford) diggings. This venture failed so he went to Melbourne and on 1 March 1856 sailed in the Roxburg Castle for England. Twelve days later Calino, Charge D'atelier, a play he had written with Théodore Barrière, was staged with some success in his absence at the Vaudeville Theatre in Paris. In that year La Résurrection de Lazare, a 'drama in letter form' that he had written in collaboration with Henri Murger was published in Paris. Back in France Fauchery published his eight Lettres d'un Mineur en Australie in fifteen instalments from 9 January to 8 February 1857 in Le Moniteur Universel. They were supplied with a preface by Banville and brought out as a volume by Auguste Poulet-Malassis, a newly-established publisher who had just won notoriety with his first edition of Baudelaire's Fleurs du mal.

On 15 January 1857 at Montmartre Fauchery married Louise Joséphine Gatineau, who had apparently accompanied him to Australia. In April he applied for an official photographic mission to Australia, India and China, and was granted 500 francs by the French government. On 20 July with a lady who gave her name as Julie Fauchery he sailed from London in the Sydenham and on 2 November reached Melbourne. Throughout 1858 he worked as a photographer with a studio at 132 Collins Street East. His work was outstanding, particularly for his time, but in a letter of 20 February 1859 he complained to the French minister of Public Instruction that 'the people of Melbourne did not understand all that was legitimate in [his] desire' to photograph them. Next day he sailed from Melbourne for Manila. In 1860 the French government gave him 1000 francs to leave Manila and follow the French military expedition to China as photographer and journalist. From July to November 1860 he wrote a series of Lettres de Chine, which were published in fifteen instalments in Le Moniteur, from 12 October 1860 to 3 February 1861. Taken ill in China, he went to Japan where he died at Yokohama on 27 April 1861 from the combined effects of gastritis and dysentery.

His Lettres d'un Mineur are his chief claim to interest as a writer, and they paint a vivid picture of life in early Melbourne and on the goldfields. Happily Fauchery, unlike most English commentators of the time, is not given to moralizing; as an ardent Republican of 1848 he is constantly, and at times outspokenly, on the side of liberty, against oppressors of all kinds. Hostile to capitalists and scornful of squatters, he is sympathetic to emancipists, diggers, Jews, and above all Chinese. Though his sympathies do not extend to the Aboriginals, they enable him to write imaginatively on the convict system, and to suggest something of the contribution convict and digger would make to the development of national character. But if he has political sympathies, Fauchery is not a political thinker: he shows virtually no interest in the nature of government in Victoria, and no awareness of its earlier social history. He briefly mentions the insurrection at Eureka, but he was then in Melbourne and glosses over the episode as of little account. Through all his endeavours to come to terms with his new experiences he remains a minor Romantic, one of the lesser writers of la bohème; he is at his best in his poetic descriptions of the natural scene, and at his most original when he manages to convey something of the quality of its impact upon a fine French sensibility. Select Bibliography

• P. Larousse, Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe Siecle, vol 1 supplement (Paris, 1877) • J. Cato, The Story of the Camera in Australia (Melb., 1955) • A. Fauchery, Letters from a Miner in Australia, translator A. R. Chisholm (Melb., 1965) • Illustrated Melbourne News, Jan-Feb 1858 • dossier no F17 2961 (Archives Nationales, Paris) • photograph album under Fauchery (State Library of Victoria).

Citation details

K. M. O'Neill, 'Fauchery, Antoine Julien (1827–1861)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fauchery-antoine-julien-3504/text5385, published first in hardcopy 1972, accessed online 31 January 2022.

This article was published in hardcopy in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4, (Melbourne University Press), 1972

View the front pages for Volume 4

K. M. O'Neill, „Fauchery, Antoine Julien (1827–1861)“, in: Australian Dictionary of Biography, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fauchery-antoine-julien-3504

State Library of Victoria

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Antoine Fauchery

Antoine Fauchery's account of his time in Australia is overshadowed by his remarkable photographs, but his written account is a lively tale of minor successes and failures in the new colony.

Fauchery sailed from London in 1852, when the rush to Victoria had begun. His observations of life at sea are among his most amusing: he describes ships from Germany where the passengers were packed like 'anchovies in a keg'. Here, he paints a vivid picture of life on board for the 160 passengers during their four-month voyage to Melbourne: 

   It is in this cellar, or rather in this oven, that two thirds of the passengers stay during most of the day; through a dense vapour their silhouettes move incessantly and with fantastic jerks [...] the children cry out, the crockery rattles, while sick folk moan and others get drunk; from all this hurly-burly comes a nauseating smell complicated by the heavy perfumes of the musk-flavoured liqueurs with which, alas, the over-voluptuous Englishwomen inundate themselves [...] Phew! Let us go [above deck] as quickly as we can.

- Antoine Fauchery

Source

Despite once finding a nugget of nearly 4 ounces (60 grams), simply poking up between the roots of the grass, Fauchery was not very successful during his stint as a miner. But he saw many who were. One party of miners, who worked a shaft practically next to the one Fauchery was in, excavated a nugget weighing 132 pounds (60 kilograms) on just their second day at the diggings.

After a couple of years spent mostly on the goldfields around Ballarat, Fauchery packed up and returned to Melbourne. He had £60; about as much money as he had started with.

With his £60 he was able to open a café on Bourke Street. Trade was brisk and he quickly turned his shop into a miniature French parlour with marble tables, billiards and plenty of brandy and wine. Unfortunately for Fauchery, the financial depression of 1854 saw his trade plummet. Forced to go back to the fields, this time as a shopkeeper, he realised he was tired of the struggle and solitude of mining life, sick of being 'an unmarried wolf'. He returned to France with a backhanded compliment to Melbourne's sudden growth: 

   I shall not regret Melbourne, though I found it a small city and am leaving it a large one, with shops [...] gas lighting [...] and with five new theatres [including] a lyric theatre where the company made up of people from all countries, sings the same opera in French, English, German and Italian, each man singing in his own language! I pity the conductor if he is a musician - which is not highly probable.

- Antoine Fauchery

Source

Fauchery returned to Melbourne in 1857 and, with Richard Daintree, took some of the only photographs of the Victorian goldfields and Indigenous Australians during this period.

Luminous Lint

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Names: Joint: Fauchery & Daintree Dates: 1827 (?) - 1861, 27 April Born: France, Paris Died: Japan, Yokohama Active: Australia / China

French photographer who arrived in Melbourne 2 November 1857 and worked as a photographer with a studio at 132 Collins Street East. He took high quality photographs of early Melbourne, the countryside of Victoria and the goldfields. In 1859 he went to Manila. In 1860 he was awarded funds by the French government to leave Manila to accompany the French military expedition in China during the Second Chinese Opium War. From July to November 1860 he wrote Lettres de Chine that were published in Le Moniteur in fifteen installments appearing between 12 October 1860 and 3 February 1861. He was taken ill in China and went to Japan where he died in Yokohama.

http://www.luminous-lint.com/app/photographer/Antoine__Fauchery

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Reilly, Dianne and Jennifer Carew, „Sun Pictures of Victoria“. The Fauchery-Daintree Collection 1858, Melbourne: The Library Council of Victoria, 1983 .

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La lorgnette littéraire : dictionnaire des grands et des petits auteurs de mon temps / par M. Charles Monselet Monselet, Charles (1825-1888). Auteur du texte, https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5834096w.hl.r=antoine+fauchery.f113.langEN

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State Library Victoria, The Trobe Journal, No 33 April 1984 Antoine Fauchery, 1823–1861 Photographer and Journalist Par Excellence http://www3.slv.vic.gov.au/latrobejournal/issue/latrobe-33/t1-g-t1.html

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The British Museum, Antoine Julien Nicolas Fauchery https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG181529

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PraBook, The World Biogaphical Encyclopedia Antoine Fauchery https://prabook.com/web/antoine.fauchery/1718953

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National Portrait Gallery

Antoine Fauchery 1823 – 1861

Antoine Fauchery (1823–1861) was a Parisian artist and writer, an occasional collaborator with Henri Murger, author of Scènes de la vie de bohème which was a chief source of the opera La bohème. In Australia from 1852 to 1856, Fauchery worked the goldfields at Ballarat for two years and opened the Café Estaminet Français in Little Bourke Street in 1854; he was a storekeeper at Daylesford before returning to Paris, where his Lettres d’un mineur en Australie were published in fifteen instalments in Le Moniteur Universel in January-February 1857. Later, the Lettres were published in book form; they were his major work. By the end of 1857, having secured a French government grant enabling him to take photographs of life in Australia, India and China, he was back in Melbourne, where he established a studio at 132 Collins Street East. His sometime collaborator was English-born Richard Daintree (1832-1878), whom he had met on the Victorian goldfields in the early 1850s. Updated 2021

https://www.portrait.gov.au/people/antoine-fauchery-1823

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Fauchery, Antoine (1823 - 1861)

Born: 15 November 1823, Paris, France Died: 27 April 1861, Yokohama, Japan Occupation: Photographer, Traveller and writer

Antoine Julien Fauchery was born in Paris on 15 November 1823. He spent his early years trying his hand as an architect and a painter, before establishing himself as a writer with the popular journal Le Corsaire-Satan. At this time, he formed a close friendship with Nadar, the greatest of the early French photographers. He associated with a number of prominent writers in the bohemian circle of Théodore de Banville, Henry Mürger, Champfleury, Charles Baudelaire, and Gérard de Nerval. In fact, he was immortalised in Mürger’s Scènes de la Vie de Bohème on which Puccini’s opera La Bohème was based since, according to de Banville, the author had used Fauchery as the model for the character of the painter Marcel.

Submitting to the call of adventure, Fauchery set out in July 1852 for Melbourne in the hope of making his fortune on the Victorian goldfields. After nearly two fruitless years in Ballarat, he returned to Melbourne to open the Café Estaminet Francais, a well patronised restaurant where Europeans gathered. He returned to France in 1856, his Lettres d’un Mineur en Australie a series of fifteen letters recounting his experience in Australia appeared in instalments in the Parisian newspaper Le Moniteur Universel in January and February 1857. They were published as a book later in 1857 in Paris by Poulet Malassis et de Broise.

Later in 1857, Fauchery was commissioned by the French Government to return to Melbourne with the purpose of reporting his impressions of Australia. He established himself in Collins Street, Melbourne and advertised his skills in the new art of photography. Shortly after, his professional collaboration began with Richard Daintree. Together they planned to produce for sale a series of photographs in ten monthly instalments consisting of views of life in Victoria and the notable members of the community. These were advertised as ‘Sun Pictures of Victoria’, using the new collodion wet-plate process. Their different backgrounds – Fauchery the artist, and Daintree the geologist - combined to produce remarkably high-quality images so early in the history of photography, providing a rare and invaluable record of life in Victoria in the late 1850s. Only three sets – all slightly different – of these photographs are known to exist today: one in the State Library of Victoria, and the other two in the State Library of Queensland.

Fauchery sailed from Melbourne for Manila in 1859, and then visited China in 1860, recording in his serialised ‘Lettres de Chine’ his first-hand account of the ‘Arrow War’ and the sacking of the Summer Palace. He left for Japan in 1861 where he died at Yokohama on 27 April 1861.

Dianne Reilly, „Fauchery, Antoine (1823 - 1861)“, in: eGold Electronic Encyclopedia of Gold in Australia, A Nation's Heritage, Produced by the Cultural Heritage Unit, The University of Melbourne, Updated: 27 May 2015, https://www.egold.net.au/biogs/EG00105b.htm

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Fauchery, Antoine Julien (1823–1861)

Dianne Reilly, „Fauchery, Antoine Julien (1823–1861)“, in: The French-Australian Dictionary of Biography, Institute for the Study of French Australian Relations (ISFAR), February 2018, https://www.isfar.org.au/bio/fauchery-antoine-julien-1823-1861/

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Antoine Fauchery b. 15 November 1823 Artist (Photographer)

Although the goldfields drew Antoine Fauchery to Australia, it is as a writer and photographer that he made most impression, eventually combining both of these skills to accompany French expeditionary forces in China as a war correspondent and official photographer. Perhaps more interestingly, though, he was the model for the painter Marcello in Puccini's 'La Bohème'.

Biographical Data b. 15 November 1823 Paris, France Name: Antoine Fauchery Gender: Male Roles: Artist (Photographer) Other Occupation: Café proprietor, Architect (ANZSIC code: 6921), Adventurer, Journalist (ANZSIC code: 9002) Birth date: 15 November 1823 Birth place: Paris, France Death date: 27 April 1861 Death place: Japan Burial place: Foreign Cemetery, now known as the Yokohama Foreign General Cemetery, Yokohama, Japan Active Period: c.1857 - c.1859 Arrival: 1852 Residence: Japan, China Manila, Philippines Melbourne, Vic. Paris, France

Training: Studied under the master Cogniet, France

Languages: English

Initial Record Data Source: The Dictionary of Australian Artists: painters, sketchers, photographers and engravers to 1870

https://www.daao.org.au/bio/antoine-fauchery/

Biography: https://www.daao.org.au/bio/antoine-fauchery/biography/

Galerie: Fotografien aus dem Atelier Fauchery & Daintree

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  • Der französische Konsul in Melbourne, Victoria, Graf Lionel de Chabrillan (1818-1858)
    Der französische Konsul in Melbourne, Victoria, Graf Lionel de Chabrillan (1818-1858)
  • Der britische Kolonialbeamte J. O'Shanassy (1818-1883)
    Der britische Kolonialbeamte J. O'Shanassy (1818-1883)
  • Die Bourke Street in Melbourne, Blick nach Westen von der Spring Street, um 1858
    Die Bourke Street in Melbourne, Blick nach Westen von der Spring Street, um 1858
  • Der Yarra River in Melbourne, um 1858
    Der Yarra River in Melbourne, um 1858
  • Der Yarra River nahe Studley Park, um 1858
    Der Yarra River nahe Studley Park, um 1858
  • Australische Goldgräber, um 1858
    Australische Goldgräber, um 1858
  • Aborigines in Parker's Loddon Aboriginal Protectorate, Mount Franklin, Franklinford, Victoria, um 1858
    Aborigines in Parker's Loddon Aboriginal Protectorate, Mount Franklin, Franklinford, Victoria, um 1858

Werke

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  • mit Théodore Barrière, „Calino, charge d'atelier“ („Calino, Werkstattleiter“, Theaterstück, uraufgeführt 1856)
  • mit Henri Murger, „La Résurrection de Lazare“ („Die Wiederauferstehung des Lazarus“), 1856 bei Michel Lévy erschienen
  • „Lettres de Chine“ („Briefe aus China“), erschienen vom 12. Oktober 1860 bis zum 3. Februar 1861 in Le Moniteur universel, Paris

Personen-Normdaten etc.

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Einzelnachweise

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  1. ↑ K. M. O'Neill, 'Fauchery, Antoine Julien (1827–1861)', in: Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/fauchery-antoine-julien-3504/text5385, Die Druckausgabe erschien 1972
  2. ↑ State Library of Victoria \ Ergo, „Antoine Fauchery“, http://ergo.slv.vic.gov.au/explore-history/golden-victoria/life-fields/antoine-fauchery
  3. ↑ Leonard A. Walle, Fotobuchrezension: „The Glass Stereoviews of Ferrier & Soulier, 1852–1908“ von John B. Cameron und Janice G. Schimmelman; The Collodion Press, 2016, in: iPhoto Central, E-Photo Newsletter, Ausgabe Nr. 227 vom 22. August 2016, http://www.iphotocentral.com/news/article-view.php/239/227/1487
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