Benutzer:Shi Annan/Parlamentswahl in Mauretanien 2013
Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:EngvarB Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Infobox legislative election Vorlage:Politics of Mauritania
Parliamentary elections were held in Mauritania on 23 November. The opposition has vowed to boycott the election unless the president steps down beforehand.[1] A total of 1,096 candidates have registered to compete for the leadership of 218 local councils across Mauritania, whilst 438 candidates are contesting for the 146 parliamentary seats. Some 1.2 million Mauritanians were eligible to vote in the election.[2] The first round results yielded a landslide victory for the ruling UPR winning 56 seats and their 14 coalition partners winning 34 seats. The Islamist Tewassoul party won 12 seats. The remaining seats were contested in a runoff on 21 December 2013.[3] The UPR won the majority with 75 seats in the Assembly.[4]
Background
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The elections were originally set for 1 October 2011, then delayed several times to 16 October 2011, 31 March 2012, May 2012, October 2013 and November/December 2013, due to continuous disputes between the government and opposition parties.[5]
Electoral system
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The 146 members of the National Assembly are elected by two methods (with Mauritanians being able to cast three different votes in a parallel voting system); 106 are elected from single- or multi-member electoral districts based on the departments (or moughataas) that the country is subdivided in (with the exception of Nouakchott, with the nine departments of the city being treated as a single 18-seat electoral district) using either the two-round system or proportional representation; in single-member constituencies candidates require a majority of the vote to be elected in the first round and a plurality in the second round. In two-seat constituencies, voters vote for a party list (which must contain one man and one woman); if no list receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a second round is held, with the winning party taking both seats. In constituencies with three or more seats, closed list proportional representation is used, with seats allocated using the largest remainder method.[6] For three-seat constituencies, party lists must include a female candidate in first or second on the list; for larger constituencies a zipper system is used, with alternate male and female candidates.[6]
The other 40 seats are elected from a single nationwide constituency, also using closed list proportional representation, with half elected on a newly introduced separate list reserved for women.[6]
Contesting parties
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]A total of 74 parties took part.[7] Tewassoul was the only member of the 11 party opposition alliance known as the Coordination of the Democratic Opposition (COD) to take part.[7] The COD's boycott had been criticised by the ruling UPR, with Ould Mohamed Lemine saying such action was unjustifiable "in view of the political and electoral reforms accomplished."[8]
The main contestants are seen to be the UPR, Tewassoul, and the People's Progressive Alliance.[7]
Campaign
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The two-week campaign period began on Friday 8 November. The beginning of the campaign was greeted with fireworks, car honking, and loud music in the streets, in the capital of Nouakchott.[8]
Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamed Lemine called for Mauritanians to give the Union for the Republic a majority in parliament so that they could support the program of President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz.[2] The UPR is also the only party fielding a contestant in every constituency.[7] The UPR has also criticized Tewassoul for its links to the Muslim Brotherhood, and has called for the movement to dissociate itself from Islamists elsewhere.[7]
Tewassoul has described its participation as a struggle against what it deems the dictatorship of President Mohamed Oul Abdel Aziz,[7] and Party President Mohamed Jemil Ould Mansour has called for a huge turnout by Tewassoul supporters.[8]
Thousands of supporters of the COD marched in Nouakchott on 6 November to protest against the election.[8]
Results
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Vorlage:More President Ould Abdel Aziz's party, the Union for the Republic (UPR), secured a one-seat majority in its first ever election; while the Islamist National Rally for Reform and Development secured 16 seats, becoming the second largest political force in Mauritania and leading the opposition.
| Party | National PR seats | Women's seats | Constituency seats | Total seats | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First round | Second round | ||||||||||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||
| Union for the Republic | 127,580 | 21.34 | 4 | 138,651 | 24.74 | 5 | 299,605 | 39.21 | 44 | 124,656 | 55.11 | 22 | 75 |
| Tewassoul | 81,744 | 13.68 | 3 | 88,014 | 15.70 | 3 | 102,404 | 13.4 | 6 | 31,103 | 13.75 | 4 | 16 |
| People's Progressive Alliance | 44,700 | 7.48 | 2 | 53,610 | 9.57 | 2 | 55,874 | 7.31 | 3 | 9,987 | 4.42 | 0 | 7 |
| Burst of Youth for the Nation | 25,706 | 4.3 | 1 | 34,850 | 6.22 | 1 | 54,857 | 7.18 | 2 | 12,934 | 5.72 | 0 | 4 |
| El Wiam | 22,888 | 3.83 | 1 | 32,142 | 5.74 | 1 | 59,847 | 7.83 | 6 | 11,369 | 5.03 | 2 | 10 |
| Union for Democracy and Progress | 20,470 | 3.42 | 1 | 25,539 | 4.56 | 1 | 25,828 | 3.38 | 4 | 8,458 | 3.74 | 0 | 6 |
| APJD/MPR | 15,577 | 2.61 | 1 | 18,029 | 3.22 | 1 | 13,068 | 1.71 | 2 | – | – | – | 4 |
| El Karam | 15,193 | 2.54 | 1 | 21,649 | 3.86 | 1 | 25,922 | 3.39 | 4 | 5,002 | 2.21 | 0 | 6 |
| El Vadila | 13,893 | 2.32 | 1 | 14,026 | 2.50 | 1 | 8,915 | 1.17 | 1 | – | – | – | 3 |
| Party of Unity and Development | 13,748 | 2.30 | 1 | 17,311 | 3.09 | 1 | 23,153 | 3.03 | 1 | 14,752 | 6.52 | 0 | 3 |
| Party of Mauritanian Authenticity | 11,072 | 1.85 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Socialist Democratic Unionist Party | 9,551 | 1.60 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Ravah Party | 8,378 | 1.40 | 1 | 9,091 | 1.62 | 1 | 4,752 | 0.62 | 1 | – | – | – | 3 |
| Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal | 8,367 | 1.40 | 1 | 14,170 | 2.53 | 1 | 5,082 | 0.67 | 1 | – | – | – | 3 |
| Democratic Justice Party | 8,286 | 1.39 | 0 | 8,691 | 1.55 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Sawab | 7,180 | 1.20 | 0 | 7,699 | 1.37 | 0 | 6,648 | 0.87 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Dignity and Action Party | 6,385 | 1.07 | 0 | 5,464 | 0.97 | 0 | 3,645 | 0.48 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| National El Inma Party | 6,073 | 1.02 | 0 | 4,302 | 0.77 | 0 | 1,964 | 0.26 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Democratic Renovation | 6,002 | 1.00 | 0 | 8,216 | 1.47 | 0 | 5,105 | 0.67 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| People's Rally Party | 5,169 | 0.86 | 0 | – | – | – | 846 | 0.11 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Popular Front | 5,123 | 0.86 | 0 | – | – | – | 2,879 | 0.38 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Democratic Social Union Party | 5,108 | 0.85 | 0 | 6,398 | 1.14 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Partie Congre de Mauritanie | 4,860 | 0.81 | 0 | 4,820 | 0.86 | 0 | 1,414 | 0.19 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Democratic Socialist Party | 4,819 | 0.81 | 0 | – | – | – | 62 | 0.01 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian Hope Party | 4,766 | 0.80 | 0 | 6,134 | 1.09 | 0 | 1,571 | 0.21 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| PMRC | 4,615 | 0.77 | 0 | 4,196 | 0.75 | 0 | 1,261 | 0.17 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian Party for Renewal | 4,172 | 0.70 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| RNLDE Party | 4,073 | 0.68 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Democratic Peace and Progress Party | 4,059 | 0.68 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Shura Party for Development | 4,000 | 0.67 | 0 | – | – | – | 821 | 0.11 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Democratic People's Party | 3,969 | 0.66 | 0 | – | – | – | 2,072 | 0.27 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| El Islah | 3,885 | 0.66 | 0 | 3,853 | 0.69 | 0 | 2,663 | 0.35 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| Rally for Equality Party | 3,703 | 0.62 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| People's Democratic Party | 3,600 | 0.60 | 0 | – | – | – | 761 | 0.10 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian Liberal Democratic Party | 3,459 | 0.58 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Rally for Unity Party | 3,385 | 0.57 | 0 | 2,856 | 0.51 | 0 | 2,629 | 0.34 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| National Agreement Party | 3,296 | 0.55 | 0 | – | – | – | 464 | 0.06 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Parti RibatDémocratique et Social | 3,107 | 0.51 | 0 | 7,490 | 1.34 | 0 | 2,805 | 0.37 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| PMC and CPR Coalition | 3,057 | 0.51 | 0 | 6,333 | 1.13 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| National Union for Democracy and Development | 3,031 | 0.51 | 0 | – | – | – | 447 | 0.06 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian People's Movement Party | 2,865 | 0.48 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Democratic Consultation Party | 2,861 | 0.48 | 0 | 4,663 | 0.83 | 0 | 1,832 | 0.24 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Dialogue and Democracy Party | 2,789 | 0.47 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Equity and Defence of Right Party | 2,781 | 0.47 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Union for the Construction of Mauritania | 2,707 | 0.45 | 0 | 4,588 | 0.82 | 0 | 1,104 | 0.14 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Third Generation Party | 2,623 | 0.44 | 0 | – | – | – | 1,381 | 0.18 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Democratic Union of Youth | 2,602 | 0.44 | 0 | – | – | – | 706 | 0.09 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Civilisation and Development Party | 2,490 | 0.42 | 0 | 3,478 | 0.62 | 0 | 1,764 | 0.23 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Alliance for Democracy in Mauritania | 2,479 | 0.41 | 0 | – | – | – | 1,817 | 0.24 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| National Democratic Union | 2,307 | 0.41 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Direct Democracy Union | 2,266 | 0.38 | 0 | – | – | – | 1,756 | 0.23 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian Party for Reform and Equality | 2,163 | 0.36 | 0 | – | – | – | 662 | 0.09 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Union of the Democratic Center | 2,123 | 0.36 | 0 | – | – | – | 506 | 0.07 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Party of Labour and Equality | 1,943 | 0.33 | 0 | – | – | – | 1,306 | 0.17 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| New Vision Party | 1,581 | 0.26 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian Party for Democracy and Prosperity | 1,547 | 0.26 | 0 | – | – | – | 191 | 0.02 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian Party for Justice and Democracy | 1,345 | 0.23 | 0 | 4,172 | 0.74 | 0 | 614 | 0.08 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Coalition of Mauritanians for the Fatherland | 1,117 | 0.19 | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Mauritanian Party for Justice and Development | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1,234 | 0.16 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Party for a Contemporary Mauritania | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1,167 | 0.15 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Union of Social Forces | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1,006 | 0.13 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Rally of National Youth | – | – | – | – | – | – | 925 | 0.12 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Generation of a Democratic Future Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | 681 | 0.09 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Social Democratic Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | 50 | 0.01 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Wava Mauritanian Party | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35 | 0.00 | 0 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Coalitions | – | – | – | – | – | – | 28,045 | 3.67 | 0 | 7,943 | 3.51 | 0 | 0 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 300,005 | – | – | 288,476 | – | – | 130,264 | – | – | 17,794 | – | – | – |
| Total | 878,693 | 100 | 20 | 848,911 | 100 | 20 | 894,410 | 100 | 78 | 243,998 | 100 | 28 | 146 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,189,105 | 73.90 | – | 1,189,105 | 71.39 | – | 1,179,384 | 75.84 | – | 311,940 | 78.22 | – | – |
| Source: CENI | |||||||||||||
Aftermath
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Following the first round of voting, on 23 November, Tewassoul president Jemil Ould Mansour claimed at a party news conference that the party had found "serious irregularities" including ballot stuffing and voting being carried out after the count. Mansour claimed these irregularities could discredit the election, and stated that the party had sent a delegation to the electoral commission to complain. He did not say which parties he believed to have benefited from the alleged irregularities.[9]
References
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten][[Category:2013 elections in Mauritania|Parliamentary]] [[Category:Parliamentary elections in Mauritania]] [[Category:2013 elections in Africa|Mauritania]] [[Category:November 2013 events in Africa|Mauritania]] [[Category:December 2013 events in Africa|Mauritania]]
- ↑ Mauritania calls elections for October 12 In: AFP, Fox News, 3 August 2013
- ↑ a b Mauritania - Campaign for 147 Legislative Seats Underway In: all Africa, 11 November 2013
- ↑ Mauritania ruling party stays on top, 6 December 2013
- ↑ Mauritania's ruling party wins legislative polls, 22 December 2013
- ↑ Mauritania: Parliamentary and local elections postponed indefinitely ( des vom 24 January 2013 im Webarchiv archive.today) In: AFP, 25 August 2011
- ↑ a b c Electoral system IPU
- ↑ a b c d e f Hademine Ould Sadi: Sink or swim for Mauritania's Islamists In: IOL News, 21 November 2013
- ↑ a b c d Mauritania election campaign underway despite opposition boycott In: AFP, Yahoo News, 8 November 2013
- ↑ Mauritania election 'marred by ballot-stuffing' ( des vom 3 December 2013 im Internet Archive) In: Agence France-Presse, Global Post, 25 November 2013