Benutzer:Shi Annan/Präsidentschaftsreferendum
Das Verfassungsreferendum über die Verlängerung der Amszeit von Präsident Saparmurat Nyazzow bis 2002 (turkmenisch Türkmenistanda geçirilen prezident referendumy, russisch Референдум о президентском сроке в Туркменистане (1994), en.: referendum on extending President Saparmurat Niyazov’s term until 2002) wurde am 15. Januar 1994 in Turkmenistan durchgeführt.[1] Offizielle Ergebnisse verkündeten eine Zustimmung von 99,99%nbsp;% bei einer Wahlbeteiligung von 100 %.[1]
Hintergrund
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]1985 war Saparmyrat Nyýazow the first secretary of the Ashgabat Communist Bloc— was handpicked by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev into elite politics as a replacement for Muhammad Gapusov, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Turkmenistan.[2] This replacement was part of the Central Asian purges in the wake of the Uzbek cotton corruption scandal.Referenzfehler: Ungültiger Parameter in <ref>. Two months later, Niyazov was elected by the Supreme Soviet to the new office of president.[1] Following in the footsteps of his predecessor(s), Niyazov prevented Gorbachev-era reforms from having any tangible effect on what was among the most conservative federal republics of USSR.[1][2] Opposition groups were routinely disbanded and members exiled on charges of anti-Soviet activities.[2]
In October 1990 his presidency was "unanimously" confirmed by the masses.[1] A year later he led Turkmenistan to secede from the Soviet Union despite an initial reluctance, and decreed a new constitution that promulgated a presidential government.[2][3] The political atmosphere of the newly independent state remained as conservative as before, with Niyazov finding "classic, democratic formulas [..] that worked out in some prosperous Western country" unsuitable for Turkmenistan.[2] In 1992 Niyazov was re-elected unopposed as president, receiving over 98% of the vote.[1] Following these victories, Niyazov went further in manifesting a totalitarian regime based on a cult of personality.[1][2][3]
Question
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Voters were asked to decide whether to prolong the term of President Niyazov by six years, until 2002.[1] The question was worded "Do you support extending the term of President Saparmurat Niyazov until 2002?"
Results
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]According to official statistics, 100% of the registered voters (1,959,637) participated in the referendum.[1] Vorlage:Referendum results
Aftermath
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The promised elections were not held in 2002, as Niyazov had himself declared President for life by the Assembly on 28 December 1999.[1] He would rule until his death in 2006.
Einzelnachweise
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz, Christof Hartmann: Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook. oxfordscholarship.com Oxford University Press 2001-11-15. ISBN 978-0-19-924958-9 doi=10.1093/019924958x.003.0022
- ↑ a b c d e f Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen :1. - ↑ a b John Anderson: 1995-12-01|title=Authoritarian political development in Central Asia: The case of Turkmenistan|journal=Central Asian Survey|volume=14|issue=4|pages=509–527|doi=10.1080/02634939508400922|issn=0263-4937
Turkmenistan Presidential term Kategorie:Referendums in Turkmenistan