Benutzer:Shi Annan/Rapid Action Battalion
Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:EngvarB Vorlage:Use dmy dates
Vorlage:Infobox law enforcement unit
Rapid Action Battalion or RAB, is an anti-crime and anti-terrorism unit of the Bangladesh Police. This elite force consists of members of the Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Police, Bangladesh Navy, Bangladesh Air Force, Border Guard Bangladesh, and Bangladesh Ansar. It was formed on 26 March 2004 as RAT (Rapid Action Team), and commenced operations on 14 April 2004.[1] From 2004 to 2008 RAB had killed 1,062 people.[2]
The Rapid Action Battalion has faced criticism from rights groups for their use of extrajudicial killings and alleged involvement in forced disappearances.[1]
History
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]2003-2008
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Rapid Action Battalion was formed on 12 July 2003 under the Armed Police Battalion (Amendment) Act, 2003.[3] The act was passed through the amendment of Armed Forces Battalion Ordinance 1979 which provides immunity to RAB officers for actions taken in the course of their duty.[4] Each battalion of Rapid Action Battalion is commanded by Additional Deputy Inspector General rank officer or its equivalent in other forces. RAB cannot file cases with courts themselves but must be forward the cases to Bangladesh Police who will file the case with the court.[3] RAB is composed of personnel from Bangladesh military and law enforcement agencies who return to their own units after service with RAB ends.[5]
RAB replaced the short lived Rapid Action Team (RAT) which was formed in January 2003.[6][7] RAB has faced criticism for alleged extrajudicial killings from its formation. In an editorial on 23 July 2004 The Daily Star wrote "reign it in before it turns into a [RABid] monster."[8] RAB was provided weapons seized from 10-Truck Arms and Ammunition Haul in Chittagong on 16 April 2004.[9] RAB has a media centre in Karwan Bazar.[10]
On 15 July 2004, RAB arrested Sumon Ahmed Majumder, a Jubo League leader and garment trader, in Tongi.[11] He died within 10 hours of being arrested from torture at RAB headquarters in Uttara.[11] He was a witness to the murder of Ahsanullah Master, member of parliament from Awami League.[11] Police claimed he died while resisting arrest while RAB claimed he was lynched by the general public.[11] Police refused to take a complaint from his father.[11]
On 30 May 2005, RAB arrested Abul Kalam Azad Sumon, a tailor and Bangladesh Chhattra League activist, from Dhaka along with two others.[11] He was killed soon after.[11] He had been shot six times and his body showed signs of torture.[11] According to his mother, Sumon had switched from Bangladesh Nationalist Party to Awami League which angered his local member of parliament Mirza Abbas.[11]
On 8 March 2006, RAB detained Md. Masudur Rahman, a businessman and activist of Jubo League, from Dhaka.[11] His body was found with signs of torture and bullet wounds the next day.[11]
On 24 January 2007, journalist Jahangir Alam Akash was detained and tortured by RAB-5 in Rajshahi by Major Rashidul Hassan Rashid.[11]
On 15 July 2008, Moshiul Alam Sentu of Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Chatra Dal was detained by Rapid Action Battalion from Dhaka and his body was found the next day in a paddy field in Barisal.[12] According to RAB he died in a crossfire; his body showed signs of torture.[12] Dr. Mizanur Rahman Tutul, leader of the insurgent Purbo Banglar Communist Party, was detained on 26 July and his body was recovered the next day.[12]
2009-2018
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Shafique Ahmed, Minister of Law, defended RAB to Human Rights Watch by saying RAB only killed criminals in 2009.[13] On May 28, Moshin Sheikh, and Ali Jinnah, students of Dhaka Polytechnic Institute, were killed in a crossfire by RAB.[14] On 22 October, F. M. Masum, a reporter of the New Age, was beaten after he hesitated to open the door for plainclothes RAB officers who were assaulting his landlord's wife.[14] The officers had said he deserved to beaten for working for Nurul Kabir, editor of the New Age.[14] Bangladesh Air Force Officer Anisur Rahman, on deputation to RAB, was found guilty of torture by RAB's own internal investigation; he was sent back to the air force and no further action was taken.[14] RAB-1 led by Flight Lieutenant Raihan Asgar Khan killed Kaiser Mahmud Bappi in a crossfire.[14] On 13 November, Lutfar Rahman Khalashi, and Khairul Huq Khalashi, two brothers and businessmen, were detained by RAB from Narayanganj District.[14] Their family organized a press conference and protest asking they not be killed in a crossfire.[14] They were killed in a crossfire on 16 November.[14] Bangladesh High Court expressed concern over the death of the two brothers.[15]
On 3 February, Mohiuddin Arif, a technician at Apollo Hospital Dhaka was detained and tortured in custody by RAB.[14] He later died from his injuries.[14] Azad Hussein Pappu, and Abdus Sattar were detained on 27 February and killed the next in a crossfire by RAB on 28 February 2010.[14] On 22 March 2010, Bangladesh Police stopped a photo exhibition on deaths by RAB at Drik Picture Library by Shahidul Alam.[16]
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, a salesman and member of extremist Allah-r Dol, was forcible disappeared by RAB in February.[14] RAB detained the Asian Human Rights Commission representative, William Gomes, and tortured him at their headquarters on 21 May 2011.[17] Limon Hossain, a 16 year old student of Jhalakati College, was shot by RAB and had to have his leg amputated on 23 March 2011.[18][19] Hossain was assaulted by informants of RAB on 20 August 2012.[20] Rasal Ahmed Bhutto, was detained on 3 March and killed in a crossfire a week later.[14] On 4 November 2011, Colonel Zulfiqar Ali Majumder led members of his unit, Rapid Action Battalion-7, to Talsara Darbar Sharif and robbed the compound keeping the pir at gunpoint.[21][22] They stole 27 million BDT from the shrine.[23] Four months later, a driver of the shrine sued 10 members of Rapid Action Battalion and two informants for the robbery.[21]
On 5 March 2012, RAB told Mohammad Imam Hassan's family members that they rescued him and demanded a bribe for his release.[4] Despite a bribe being paid, he has not been seen since then.[4]
On 11 May 2013, Mohammad Fokhrul Islam, a businessman, was the victim of enforced disappearance by RAB.[24] His family members were warned by RAB with enforced disappearance not to talk about the issue.[4] On 27 November 2013, Saiful Islam Hiru, former Bangladesh Nationalist Party member of parliament, and Mohammad Humayun Kabir Parvez, Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician, disappeared after being detained by RAB led by Lieutenant Colonel Tareque Sayeed.[4] RAB was involved in the enforced disappearance of Adnan Chowdhury, Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician, on 5 December.[4] The police refused to take a case from Chowdhury's father which mentioned RAB.[4]
In Narayganj, rogue RAB-11 officers led by Lieutenant Colonel Tareque Sayeed abducted and killed seven men in April 2014.[13]
On 10 March 2015, RAB vehicle was seen when Salahuddin Ahmed, Bangladesh Nationalist Party, leader was victim of enforced disappearance by law enforcement agencies.[25]
In March 2017, Intelligence Wing chief Lieutenant Colonel Abul Kalam Azad was killed in a bomb blast in Sylhet while raiding an Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant hideout.[26]
2018–2023
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]In May 2018, Squadron Leader Mohammad Rezaul Haque led a RAB unit in Cox's Bazar that Killed Ekramul Haque, Tekhnaf Munificipality councilor and Awami League leader in an alleged crossfire.[4] His death was recorded as he had called his wife and she recorded the call which disproved RAB's claims.[4] It resulted in the United States using the Magnitsky Act against seven former and current officers of RAB; the first usage against Bangladesh.[4]
RAB detained three business partners of Major General Tarique Ahmed Siddique, defence advisor to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, in January 2019.[27] One of whom, retired Army captain Johirul Haque Khandaker, died eight months later in custody.[27] Human Rights Watch described the detention the result of a business dispute.[4]
A cyber unit of RAB-3 identified Ahmed Kabir Kishore, Mushtaq Ahmed, Didarul Bhuiyan, activist, and Minhaz Mannan Emon as targets for publishing cartoons critical of the government and charged under the Digital Security Act in May 2020.[4] They had been victims of enforced disappearance before being officially detained. Ahmed died is custody where Kishore alleged they were tortured.[4]
In 2021, Al Jazeera released a documentary called All the Prime Minister's Men in which the brother of the then Chief of Army, General Aziz Ahmed, bragged about RAB as his personal gangsters and thugs who make money for him and them through detentions.[4]
In August 2022, Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Ismail Hossain, air wing director, died after being injured in a helicopter crash.[28] On 30 September, Director General of RAB, Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun, was promoted and appointed Inspector General of Bangladesh Police.[29] Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun was under sanctions of the United States for human rights abuse.[29]
In 2023, Deutsche Welle published a documentary titled "Inside the Death Squad," which delved into the allegations of human rights abuses and extrajudicial killings committed by the RAB.[30][31]
Location
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]
RAB also has 15 battalion size field units spread all over the country. Among them, 5 are located in the capital Dhaka. The units are located as follows:
- RAB-HQ : Kurmitola, Dhaka[32]
- RAB-1 : Uttara, Dhaka[33]
- RAB-2 : Agargaon, Dhaka[34]
- RAB-3 : Tikatuli, Dhaka[35]
- RAB-4 : Mirpur, Dhaka[36]
- RAB-5 : Rajshahi[37]
- RAB-6 : Khulna[38]
- RAB-7 : Chattogram[39]
- RAB-8 : Barishal[40]
- RAB-9 : Sylhet[41]
- RAB-10 : Jatrabari, Dhaka[42]
- RAB-11 : Narayanganj[43]
- RAB-12 : Sirajganj, Tangail[44]
- RAB-13 : Rangpur[45]
- RAB-14 : Mymensingh[46]
- RAB-15 : Cox's Bazar[47]
Activities
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Main activities and types of work done by RAB are:[3]
Counter-Terrorism: RAB apprehended numerous terrorism suspects during the course of their tenure.
Anti drugs: RAB has been involved in the control of illegal substances such as ya ba, phensedyl and heroin.
Emergency help: RAB provides immediate response for situations such as armed robbery and kidnappings.
National common or annual needs: Many national needs are filled by RAB by providing extra duty during Eid-ul-Fitr, Puja, world Ijtema, and Akheri Munazat, among other events. They also contribute resources during elections, such as the Narayangonj City Corporation Election.
Ranks and insignia
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Because RAB is composed of officers and troops from Bangladesh Police and Bangladesh Armed Forces, it was necessary to attribute a common rank insignia to the RAB badges. Such insignia can be seen in the illustrations below.[48]
List of Director Generals
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| No | Name | Took office | Left office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anwarul Iqbal | 26 March 2004 | 24 April 2005 |
| 2 | Abdul Aziz Sarkar | 24 April 2005 | 2 November 2006 |
| 3 | Khoda Baks Chowdhury | 2 November 2006 | 3 November 2006 |
| 4 | SM Mizanur Rahman | 3 November 2006 | 13 February 2007 |
| 5 | Baharul Alam | 13 February 2007 | 14 February 2007 |
| 6 | Hasan Mahmud Khandaker | 15 February 2007 | 30 August 2010 |
| 7 | Md. Mokhleshur Rahman | 30 August 2010 | 31 November 2014 |
| 8 | Benazir Ahmed | 7 January 2015 | 14 April 2020 |
| 9 | Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun[49] | 15 April 2020 | 29 September 2022 |
| 10 | M Khurshid Hossain | 30 September 2022 | Incumbent |
Notable arrests
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The following is a table containing details of major arrests by the RAB according to their official website:[50]
| Name | Charge | Arrest | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mufti Hannan | Assassination attempt of the Leader of the Opposition and present Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Mufti Hannan was a top leader of Harkat-ul-Jihad | 1 October 2005 | [51] |
| Pichchi Hannan | Terrorism | 26 June 2004, later killed trying to escape | [52] |
| Debashis | Accomplice to Pichchi Hannan | killed in crossfire, 24 June 2004 | [53] |
| Mollah Shamim | 10 cases including three murders | killed in crossfire, 6 September 2004 | [54] |
| Shaheb Ali | Printing of Jihadi leaflets distributed during the 17 August 2005 Bombings | 17 September 2005 | [12] |
| Shahabuddin | Extortion | Killed 26 October 2004 | [55] |
| Syed Monir Hossain | Several criminal offences, including two murders | killed in crossfire, 11 March 2005 | [56] |
| Shahjahan | 5 charges including murder, rape and robbery | killed in crossfire, 12 January 2005 | |
| Rafiqul Islam | Suicide squad member, Narayanganj JMB commander | 27 December 2005 | [1] |
| Sumon Ahmed Majumder | Extortion | killed "in crossfire" (see BBC article) | [2] |
| Ekramul Haque | Islamic Militancy | December 2005 | [3] |
| Hasibul | 16 cases including 12 murder cases | 26 January 2005, later killed attempting to escape | [4] |
| Names Unknown | Weapon Creators, Killed over 10 People | Squadron Leader Sabbir Ahmed Khan and his friends caught the gang in May 2009 | [5] |
Criticisms
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Although the RAB has been successful in apprehending several high-profile terrorists, including the infamous Bangla Bhai, Human Rights Watch has accused RAB of numerous deaths, which have been attributed to crossfire.[57][58] In March 2010, the battalion leader claimed 622 deaths were due to 'crossfire', while some human rights organisations claimed that more than 1,000 extrajudicial killings were the product of the battalion.[1] Further, there have been many reports of torture in connection with the battalion's activities.[59][60]
Murders
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Sixteen RAB-11 officials (sacked afterwards) including Lt Col (sacked) Tareque Sayeed, Major (sacked) Arif Hossain, and Lt Commander (sacked) Masud Rana were given the death penalty for abduction, murder, concealing the bodies, conspiracy and destroying evidence in the Narayanganj Seven Murder case.[61][62] Another nine RAB-11 officials were awarded jail terms of 7 to 17 years in the same case.[63]
Extrajudicial killings
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]According to Human Rights Watch, members of Rapid Action Battalion have shot and killed women and children during public protests.[64] Rights group describe it as a "death squad."[1]
In 2017, a reporter from Swedish Radio recorded a high-ranking RAB officer explaining how the RAB selects people to kill, and how it kills people. They kill people who they suspect of serious crimes but consider too difficult to convict in a trial or impossible to rehabilitate. He said, "If you find him - shoot and kill him, wherever he is. And then plant a weapon beside him." This officer says that people disappear this way every day, and that innocent people can disappear.[65]
US Senators seeking sanction
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]On 27 October 2020, The United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee wrote a letter to the United States Secretary of State and United States Secretary of the Treasury, urging them to impose sanctions on senior officials of the Rapid Action Battalion for human rights violations.[66][67][68][69]
Framing incidents
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Limon Hossain, a college student at Jamaddarhat at Rajapur Upazila in Jhalakati, was shot at by RAB personnel near his house on 23 March 2011, triggering a local and international outcry. His left leg had to be amputated as a result. The battalion filed two cases that day with the Rajapur police implicating Limon in an arms case and accusing him of obstructing police duties.[70] The government finally decided to withdraw the cases against Limon on 9 July 2013, citing his need to return to a "healthy and normal life".[71]
Rapid Action Battalion is accused of framing a Bangladeshi expatriate named Shamim Sikder on false charges of drug and forged currency and torturing him in custody.[72][73]
Enforced disappearances
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Families of the victims and witnesses blamed RAB for picking up 83 people while detective branch for 38, ‘law enforcers’ for 55, and plainclothes men for 20 others reported between January 2007 and August 2014, according to a report by human rights organization Ain-o-Shalish Kendro (ASK). The report also said that at least 70 leaders and activists of the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat-e-Islami fell victim to enforced disappearance while 37 others were activists of ruling Awami League.[74]
On 5 February 2012 approximately at 1.00 a.m. Al Mukaddas (22), a 4th-year student of the Department of Al Fiqah, and Mohammad Waliullah (23), a Masters candidate of Dawah and Islamic Studies Department of Islamic University, were allegedly arrested and disappeared by some persons who identified themselves as RAB-4 and DB Police members from Savar. Both were members of the Islamic student organization Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir and were allegedly detained by members of the RAB and the Detective Branch (DB) of the Bangladesh Police on 4 February 2012. They have not been heard from since and their whereabouts are unknown. The RAB has denied detaining the two men in a statement to a Bangladeshi newspaper. However, reports from several sources and a pattern of disappearances thought to have been conducted by RAB in recent months cast doubt on RAB's denial.[75]
U.S. sanctions
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]On 10 December 2021, the U.S. Department of the Treasury added RAB to its Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list under GLOMAG.[76] Six individuals associated with RAB - including its Director General, Chowdhury Abdullah Al-Mamun, former DG Benazir Ahmed, ADG Colonel KM Azad were also sanctioned. Entities on the list have their assets blocked and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from dealing with them.[77] Bangladesh Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen wrote an open letter to the US Secretariat of State Antony Blinken regarding RAB to reconsider those sanctions.[78] On the others hand US Congressman and Chair of the US House Foreign Affairs Committee Gregory W Meeks has strongly supported those sanctions by the US Government and said that wholesale sanctions against Bangladesh were not necessary, but targeted sanctions were most useful.[79]
References
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Further reading
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- Judge, jury, and executioner: Torture and extrajudicial killings by Bangladesh's elite security force. Human Rights Watch, 13. Dezember 2006.
- Tasneem Khalil: Justice, Bangladesh style In: Forum, The Daily Star, December 2006
External links
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Vorlage:Bangladesh topics Vorlage:Bangladesh intelligence agencies
[[Category:Bangladesh Police]] [[Category:2004 establishments in Bangladesh]] [[Category:Government agencies established in 2004]] [[Category:Police units of Bangladesh]] [[Category:Rapid Action Battalion| ]] [[Category:Bangladeshi intelligence agencies]] [[Category:Domestic intelligence agencies]] [[Category:Non-military counterterrorist organizations]] [[Category:Counterterrorism in Bangladesh]] [[Category:Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List]] [[Category:Magnitsky Act]]
- ↑ a b c d WikiLeaks: U.K. trained Bangladeshi 'death squad', NBC News, 21 December 2010
- ↑ Extrajudicial killings: 51 die in three months In: Dhaka Tribune, 19. März 2017. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- ↑ a b c Rapid Action Battalion. In: Banglapedia. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017 (englisch).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Where No Sun Can Enter": A Decade of Enforced Disappearances in Bangladesh. In: Human Rights Watch. 16. August 2021 (englisch, hrw.org).
- ↑ Bangladesh: Broken Promises From Government to Halt RAB Killings. Human Rights Watch, 10. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Cabinet body reviews lowly law and order In: The Daily Star, 27. Mai 2003. Abgerufen am 7. Januar 2018 (englisch).
- ↑ RAT hits the road tomorrow In: The Daily Star, 24. Januar 2003. Abgerufen am 7. Januar 2018 (englisch).
- ↑ Muhammad Nurul Huda: Rapid Action Battalion: Rationale and reality In: The Daily Star. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017
- ↑ Rab gets 1,790 seized arms of Ctg ammo haul In: The Daily Star. Abgerufen am 15. April 2021
- ↑ Dead Abdur Rahman is Abu Ibrahim al-Hanif In: Dhaka Tribune, 21. Oktober 2016. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Ignoring Executions and Torture: Impunity for Bangladesh's Security Forces. In: Human Rights Watch. 18. Mai 2009 (englisch, hrw.org).
- ↑ a b c Bangladesh: End Wave of Killings by Elite Forces. Human Rights Watch, 11. August 2008, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ a b Letter to Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Re: Bangladesh Rapid Action Battalion. Human Rights Watch, 18. Juli 2014, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Crossfire": Continued Human Rights Abuses by Bangladesh's Rapid Action Battalion. In: Human Rights Watch. 10. Mai 2011 (englisch, hrw.org).
- ↑ Ashutosh Sarkar: HC very concerned In: The Daily Star, 14. Dezember 2009. Abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Bangladesh: Allow Photo Exhibit of Crossfire Killings. Human Rights Watch, 24. März 2010, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Vorlage:Citation
- ↑ Limon was not shot point-blank in leg: RAB In: bdnews24.com. Abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Limon, who lost leg in RAB shootout, gets married In: New Age. Abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Bangladesh: Vendetta Against Child Shot by Troops. Human Rights Watch, 28. August 2012, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ a b Ex-Rab official held. In: The Daily Star. 4. Mai 2012, abgerufen am 20. März 2023 (englisch).
- ↑ Staff Correspondent, Chittagong: Ex-Rab official sent to jail. In: The Daily Star. 5. Mai 2012, abgerufen am 20. März 2023 (englisch).
- ↑ Darbar Sharif loot: Dismissed Rab Lt Col Zulfiqar to face trail. In: www.observerbd.com. Abgerufen am 20. März 2023.
- ↑ Bangladesh: 86 Victims of Enforced Disappearance Still Missing. Human Rights Watch, 16. August 2021, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Bangladesh: Investigate Case of Enforced Disappearance. Human Rights Watch, 17. März 2015, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ RAB intelligence chief Azad dies from Sylhet blast injuries In: Dhaka Tribune, 31 March 2017
- ↑ a b David Bergman: Employee of UK-based Bangladeshi businessman dies in custody. Al Jazeera, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ RAB air wing director Ismail, injured in helicopter crash, dies - National In: The Daily Observer. Abgerufen am 15. September 2022
- ↑ a b Bangladesh Government Keeps Rewarding Rights Abusers. Human Rights Watch, 5. Oktober 2022, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Inside Bangladesh's 'death squad' – DW – 04/03/2023. In: dw.com. Abgerufen am 7. April 2023 (englisch).
- ↑ DW documentary: US hopes Bangladesh will examine allegations against RAB. In: unb.com.bd. Abgerufen am 7. April 2023.
- ↑ Will US Sanctions on RAB affect the zero-tolerance policy against counter-terrorism? In: Pakistan Today. 13. Januar 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- ↑ Drives underway to catch those responsible for Uttara crane accident: RAB. In: The Business Standard. 16. August 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Nine held with expired test kits for COVID-19. In: New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Mahila Dal GS remanded in DSA case for criticising PM. In: New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Staff Correspondent: Rab probing 'false' case it drafted. In: The Daily Star. 26. August 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ 8 members of HSC question leak gang held in Rajshahi. In: www.dhakatribune.com. 18. November 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ RAB detains 11 suspected militants in Khulna. In: unb.com.bd. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022.
- ↑ 5 members of drugs gang sentenced for 2014 attack on Rab. In: unb.com.bd. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022.
- ↑ RAB gets 6 new COs. In: New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Suspected activist of banned group Ansar Al-Islam held in Sylhet. In: www.dhakatribune.com. 28. Januar 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Staff Correspondent: RAB provides details of five arrested militants. In: Prothomalo. 10. Oktober 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ 3 more members of Jama'atul Ansar held in Narayanganj. In: www.dhakatribune.com. 9. November 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Drug dealer held in Sirajganj, microbus seized. In: Risingbd Online Bangla News Portal. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ 3 JMB members get life imprisonment, one gets 14yrs jail. In: www.dhakatribune.com. 21. November 2022, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ 'JMB planned to commit robbery in Mymensingh'. In: Risingbd Online Bangla News Portal. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ RAB probes into how DGFI officer killed. In: New Age | The Most Popular Outspoken English Daily in Bangladesh. Abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ About RAB: Rank. In: Rapid Action Battalion. Archiviert vom am 20. April 2014.
- ↑ চৌধুরী মামুন র্যাবের নতুন ডিজি. In: Bangladesh Pratidin. Abgerufen am 27. April 2020 (englisch).
- ↑ RAB Achievements. In: Rapid Action Battalion. 28. Februar 2007, archiviert vom am 3. April 2007.
- ↑ Bangladesh police arrest fugitive In: BBC News. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017
- ↑ 3 gunned down at Karwan Bazaar In: bdnews24.com. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017
- ↑ 'Pichchi' Hannan killed in 'crossfire' In: The Daily Star. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017
- ↑ Another criminal dies in 'shootout' with Rab In: The Daily Star. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017
- ↑ Rab action kills 4 in city, 1 in Rangpur In: The Daily Star. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017
- ↑ Criminal dies in 'crossfire' In: The Daily Star. Abgerufen am 3. April 2017
- ↑ 'Top Bangladeshi militant' held In: BBC News, 6 March 2006
- ↑ World Report 2012: Bangladesh: Events of 2011. Human Rights Watch, 22. Januar 2012, abgerufen am 4. April 2014.
- ↑ Death of Youth in Rab Action In: The Daily Star, 21 May 2007
- ↑ Rapid Action Battalion won't be used for political purpose. In: Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation. 18. Februar 2005.
- ↑ Ex-AL men, Ex-RAB officials among 26 handed death penalty In: Prothom Alo. Abgerufen am 21. Januar 2017
- ↑ 7-murder: Nur Hossain, Rab commander Tareque, 24 others get death In: The Daily Star, 16. Januar 2017. Abgerufen am 21. Januar 2017 (englisch).
- ↑ Death for Nur, Tareque Sayeed, 24 others In: The Independent. Abgerufen am 21. Januar 2017
- ↑ Bangladesh: End Unlawful Violence Against Protesters. Human Rights Watch, 3. Mai 2013, abgerufen am 2. April 2017.
- ↑ Beatrice Janzon: Exclusive: Officer Exposes Brutal Killings by Bangladeshi Elite Police Unit RAB In: Swedish Radio, 4 April 2017. Abgerufen im 27 November 2017
- ↑ Bipartisan Letter Calls for Sanctions on Bangladeshi Battalion for Extrajudicial Killings, Enforced Disappearances, Torture
- ↑ Extrajudicial killings: US senators seek sanction on senior RAB officials In: Dhaka Tribune, 28. Oktober 2020
- ↑ US senators call for sanction on RAB officials engaged in 'extrajudicial killing' In: The Business Standard, 28. Oktober 2020 (englisch).
- ↑ Extrajudicial Killings: 10 US senators for sanctions on Rab high-ups In: The Daily Star, 29. Oktober 2020. Abgerufen am 28. Oktober 2020 (englisch).
- ↑ Bangladesh: Rapid Action Battalion shot innocent college student into permanent disability and now threatening sympathizers to kill extra-judicially. In: Asian Human Rights Commission. Abgerufen am 13. Juli 2013.
- ↑ Govt decides to withdraw cases against Limon In: New Age, 10 July 2013
- ↑ RAB 'framed, beat' Germany-based Bangladeshi expat In: bdnews24.com. Abgerufen am 21. Januar 2017
- ↑ Now RAB in plain clothes pick up expat, frame him In: Dhaka Tribune. Abgerufen am 22. Januar 2017 (englisch).
- ↑ Muktadir Rashid: The List grows Longer In: New Age, 30 August 2014. Abgerufen im 31 August 2014
- ↑ Bangladesh: Enforced disappearance of Messrs. Al Mukaddas and Mohammad Waliullah. In: World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). 23. Mai 2012, abgerufen am 31. August 2014.
- ↑ Rapid Action Battalion. In: sanctionssearch.ofac.treas.gov.
- ↑ Global Magnitsky Designations; North Korea Designations; Burma-related Designations; Non-SDN Chinese Military-Industrial Complex Companies (NS-CMIC) List Update. In: U.S. Department of the Treasury. Abgerufen am 10. Dezember 2021 (englisch).
- ↑ Letter to the US seeking withdrawal of sanctions on RAB In: Prothomalo. Abgerufen am 13. Februar 2022 (englisch).
- ↑ Congressman Meeks says he strongly supports sanctions on RAB and its officials In: Dhaka Tribune, 5 February 2022. Abgerufen am 13. Februar 2022 (englisch).