Benutzer:Shi Annan/Supreme Court Bangladesh
Der Supreme Court of Bangladesh (bengalisch বাংলাদেশ সুপ্রীম কোর্ট) ist das oberste Gericht und letzte Berufungsinstanz in Bangladesch. Er besteht aus der High Court Division und der Appellate Division und wird durch Part VI Chapter I (article 94) der Verfassung von Bangladesch begründet, welche 1972 in Kraft trat. Damit ist auch das Amt des Chief Justice, Appellate Division Justices, und High Court Division Justices of Bangladesh verbunden. Im Juli 2022 gab es 7 Richter in der Appellate Division und 85 in der High Court Division.[1]
Structure
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Der Supreme Court of Bangladesh ist geteilt in zwei Teile: die Appellate Division und die High Court Division. Die High Court Division hears appeals from lower courts and tribunals; it also has original jurisdiction in certain limited cases, such as writ applications under Article 101 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, and company and admiralty matters. The Appellate Division has jurisdiction to hear appeals from the High Court Division under article 103 of the constitution of Bangladesh.[2][3] The Supreme Court is independent of the executive branch, and is able to rule against the government in politically controversial cases.[4]
The Chief Justice of Bangladesh and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President of Bangladesh with prior mandatory consultation with the Prime Minister.[5] The entry point to the seat of judges in the High Court Division is the post of Additional Judge who are appointed from the practising Advocates of the Supreme Court Bar Association and from the judicial service under the provision of Article 98 of the constitution for a period of two years. The current ratio of such appointment is 80%–20%. Upon successful completion of this period and upon recommendation by the Chief Justice an Additional Judge is appointed permanently by the President of Bangladesh under the provision of Article 95 of the Constitution. The judges of the Appellate Division are also appointed by the President of Bangladesh under the same provision. All such appointments come into effect on and from the date of taking oath by the appointee under the provision of Article 148 of the constitution.[5]
A judge of the Bangladesh Supreme Court holds office until they attain the age of 67 years as extended by the provision of article 95 of Constitution (Thirteenth) Amendment Act, 2004 (Act 14 of 2004). A retiring judge faces disability in pleading or acting before any court or authority or holding any office of profit in the service of the republic, not being a judicial or quasi-judicial office or the office of the Chief Adviser or Adviser.[5]
A Supreme Court judge is not removable from office except in accordance with the provision of Article 96 of the Constitution which provides for Supreme Judicial Council empowering it to remove a judge of the supreme court from office upon allowing the delinquent judge an opportunity of being heard. The supreme judicial council is constituted with the Chief Justice of Bangladesh and next two senior judge of the Appellate Division, provided if at any time the Council inquiring into the capacity or conduct of a judge who is a member of the supreme judicial council, or a member of the council is absent or is unable to act due to illness or other cause, the judge who is the next in seniority to those who are members of the Council shall act as such member.[5]
Supreme court judges are independent in their judicial function as empowered through article 94(4) of the Constitution.[5]
Judgments
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]As per Article 111 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, 1972, the Supreme Court judgments have binding effects and the article provides that the law declared by the Appellate Division shall be binding on the High Court Division and the law declared by either division of the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts subordinate to it.
These judgements are usually summarised in the Bangladesh Supreme Court Digest. There are also many law reports which publish the judgments and orders of the Supreme Court. All these law reports are in printed volumes. The Chancery Law Chronicles offers the online service of judgments of Supreme Court of Bangladesh.
Language
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Although Bengali is the only state language of Bangladesh in accordance with the article 3 of the Constitution of Bangladesh, the verdicts given by the judges at the Supreme Court of Bangladesh are frequently in English following the colonial tradition of the British rule, violating the Bengali Language Implementation Act, 1987.[6] Sheikh Hasina, the incumbent and longest serving Prime Minister of Bangladesh, suggested that the judges should deliver their verdicts in Bengali so that every Bangladeshi can read them, and, later on if need be, the verdicts could be translated into English.[7] Muhammad Habibur Rahman, a former Chief Justice of Bangladesh stated that if justice is a virtue and a service to the people, then verdicts should be given in Bengali.[8] He also stated that if the people of the country want that all works in the Supreme Court must be operated in Bengali, then the representatives of the people in the Jatiya Sangsad (Parliament of Bangladesh) must enact and implement law to ensure the use of Bengali in the Supreme Court.[8]
Richter
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Sitting justices of the Appellate Division
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]| Name | Date appointed in Appellate Division | Date appointed in High Court Division as additional judge | Mandatory retirement | Appointing President at High Court Division | Prime minister at time of appointment in High Court Division | Judicial position before appointment as a justice | Law school |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chief Justice Hasan Foez Siddique [1] | 31 March 2013 | 22 February 2001 | 25 September 2023 | Shahabuddin Ahmed | Sheikh Hasina (Awami League) | Additional Attorney General of Bangladesh | Chittagong University |
| Justice Md. Imman Ali[9] | 23 February 2011 | 22 February 2001 | 31 December 2022 | Shahabuddin Ahmed | Sheikh Hasina (Awami League) | Advocate at Supreme Court | Chittagong University; Dhaka University; Lincoln's Inn |
| Justice Md. Nuruzzaman[10] | 9 October 2018 | 30 June 2009 | 30 June 2023 | Zillur Rahman | Sheikh Hasina (Awami League) | Advocate at Supreme Court | Dhaka University |
| Justice Obaidul Hassan[11] | 3 September 2020 | 30 June 2009 | 10 January 2026 | Zillur Rahman | Sheikh Hasina (Awami League) | Advocate at Supreme Court | Dhaka University |
| Justice Borhanuddin [2] | 9 January 2022 | 16 November 2008 | 27 February 2024 | Iajuddin Ahmed | Fakhruddin Ahmed | Advocate at Supreme Court | Chittagong University |
| Justice M Enayetur Rahim | 9 January 2022 | 30 June 2009 | 10 August 2027 | Zillur Rahman | Sheikh Hasina (Awami League) | Additional Attorney General of Bangladesh | Dhaka University |
| Justice Krishna Debnath | 9 January 2022 | 18 April 2010 | 9 October 2022 | Zillur Rahman | Sheikh Hasina (Awami League) | District and Session Judge | Dhaka University |
Sitting Permanent Judges of the High Court Division
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- Madam Justice Salma Masud Chowdhury
- Justice Muhammad Abdul Hafiz
- Justice Dr. Syed Refaat Ahmed
- Justice A. K. M. Asaduzzaman
- Justice Md. Ashfaqul Islam
- Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury
- Justice Md. Rais Uddin
- Justice Md. Emdadul Haque Azad
- Justice Md. Ataur Rahman Khan
- Justice Syed Md. Ziaul Karim
- Justice Md. Rezaul Haque
- Justice Sheikh Abdul Awal
- Justice S. M. Emdadul Hoque
- Justice Mamnoon Rahman
- Madam Justice Farah Mahbub
- Justice Md. Moinul Islam Chowdhury
- Madam Justice Naima Haydar
- Justice Md. Rezaul Hasan
- Justice A. N. M. Bashir Ullah
- Justice Abdur Rob
- Justice Dr. Quazi Reza-Ul Hoque
- Justice Md. Abu Zafor Siddique
- Justice A. K. M. Zahirul Hoque
- Justice Jahangir Hossain
- Justice Sheikh Md. Zakir Hossain
- Justice Md. Habibul Gani
- Justice Gobinda Chandra Tagore
- Justice Sheikh Hassan Arif
- Justice J. B. M. Hassan
- Justice Md. Ruhul Quddus[12]
- Justice Md. Khasruzzaman
- Justice Farid Ahmed
- Justice Md. Nazrul Islam Talukder
- Justice M Akram Hossain Chowdhury[13][14]
- Justice M Ashraful Kamal
- Justice K. M. Kamrul Kader[15][16]
- Justice Md. Mozibur Rahman Miah
- Justice Mostofa Zaman Islam
- Justice Mohammadullah
- Justice Mohammad Khurshid Alam Sarker
- Justice A K M Shahidul Haque
- Justice Shahidul Karim
- Justice Mohammad Jahangir Hossain
- Justice Abu Taher Mohammad Saifur Rahman
- Justice Ashish Ranjan Daash[17][18]
- Justice Mahmudul Haque
- Justice Badruzzaman Badol
- Justice Zafar Ahmed
- Justice Kazi Md. Ejarul Haque Akondo
- Justice Md. Shahinur Islam[19]
- Madam Justice Kashefa Hussain
- Justice S.M. Mozibur Rahman[20][21]
- Justice Khizir Ahmed Choudhury
- Justice Razik Al-Jalil
- Justice Bhishmadev Chakrabortty
- Justice Md. Iqbal Kabir
- Justice Md. Salim
- Justice Md. Sohrowardi
- Justice Md. Abu Ahmed Jamadar[22][23]
- Justice A. S. M. Abdul Mobin
- Justice Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Madam Justice Fatema Najib
- Justice Md. Kamrul Hossain Molla
- Justice SM Kuddus Zaman
- Justice Md. Atowar Rahman
- Justice Khizir Hayat
- Justice Shashanka Shekhar Sarkar
- Justice Mohammad Ali
- Justice Mohi Uddin Shamim
- Justice Md. Riaz Uddin Khan
- Justice M Khairul Alam
- Justice S. M. Moniruzzaman
- Justice Ahmed Sohel
- Justice Sardar Mohammad Rashed Jahangir
- Justice Khondaker Diliruzzaman
- Justice KM Hafizul Alam
- Justice Muhammad Mahbub-Ul-Islam[24] [3]
- Justice Shahed Nuruddin
- Justice Md Zakir Hossain
- Justice Md Akhtaruzzaman
- Justice Md Mahmud Hasan Talukder
- Justice Kazi Ebadoth Hossain
- Justice K. M. Zahid Sarwar
- Justice AKM Zahirul Haque
- Madam Justice Kazi Zinat Hoque
Former Chief Justice Surandra Kumar Sinha was the first justice appointed from Monipuri or any minority Ethnic groups in Bangladesh. Former Justice Bhabani Prasad Sinha is also from the same community.
Madame Justice Nazmun Ara Sultana was the first ever female justice, and Madame Justice Krishna Debnath is the first female Hindu justice of Bangladesh. There are currently seven female justices in the supreme court.
Kontroversen
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]2004 wurde Justice Syed Shahidur Rahman was terminated by President Iajuddin Ahmed on corruption allegation.[25]
Former Chief Justice Mohammad Fazlul Karim withheld the oath taking of Justice Md. Ruhul Quddus (Babu) as he was involved in the murder of Aaslam, a pro-Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh student of Rajshahi University, on 17 November 1988, when he was a leader of Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal (JSD), and Justice Mohammad Khosruzzaman was overtly involved in contempt of court on 30 November 2006.[26]
Justice Shah Abu Nayeem Mominur Rahman, an appellate division judge, first ever among these judges, resigned on 12 May 2011 due to supersession, as he was presumed to be the Chief Justice of Bangladesh on 18 May 2011.[27]
Justice Mohammad Nizamul Huq resigned from the post of International Crimes Tribunal (ICT)-1 chairman on 11 December 2012 amid controversy for holding Skype conversations with an expatriate Bangladeshi legal expert based in Belgium.[28]
President of Bangladesh ordered for formation of a Supreme Judicial Council to investigate alleged misconduct of High Court judge Justice Mizanur Rahman Bhuiyan after he distributed copies of a 17 February The Daily Inqilab report, termed slain (on 15 February 2013) 2013 Shahbag protests activist and blogger Ahmed Rajib Haider was a moortad (heretic), among the justices of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh.[29]
Justice A B M Altaf Hossain was not confirmed as a permanent justice on 12 June 2014 despite recommendation from the Chief Justice of Bangladesh. So he has served legal notices to the top bureaucrats of Bangladesh government to reinstate him within 72 hours.[30]
Chief Justice Surendra Kumar Sinha resigned on 11 November 2017 from Singapore while on a leave, and transiting from Australia to Canada.[31] Later on former Chief Justice Surendra Kumar Sinha was sentenced in absentia to 11 years in jail for money laundering and criminal breach of trust.[32]
Former justice AHM Shamsuddin Chowdhury Manik, a judge of the appellate Division of Supreme Court of Bangladesh gained notoriety for number of controversies.In 2003, he accused traffic police officers of contempt of court for not saluting his car while it was passing. The then Inspector General of Police of Bangladesh Police, Shahudul Haque, issued a rejoinder that said traffic police are under no obligations to salute anyone and they could do so if it was safe. Bangladesh High Court bench of Justice M A Matin and Justice Syed Refat Ahmedissued a contempt of court charge against Haque which automatically removed him from the post of Inspector General according to the law. The government of Bangladesh secured a presidential pardon that protected Haque's job.[33] [34]
He was also criticised for his vitriolic attack on various politicians including Speaker and members of the Parliament.[35]
Einzelnachweise
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ List of Judges in Supreme Court of Bangladesh; SupremeCourt.gov.bd.
- ↑ Supreme Court of Bangladesh, Ministry of LPAP, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs of Bangladesh
- ↑ First Bangladesh Online Case Law Database, Chancery Law Chronicles- Database of Judgements of Appellate Division of Supreme Court
- ↑ Bangladesh, "Jurist Legal News and Research", University of Pittsburgh School of Law
- ↑ a b c d e The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Ministry of Law, The People's Republic of Bangladesh, Article 94. Establishment of Supreme Court.
- ↑
- How far the use of ‘Bangla’ in the Court of Bangladesh? 2017-02-21 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424202030/https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/how-far-the-use-bangla-the-court-bangladesh-1364722 |archive-date=2019-04-24 |access-date=2019-05-17}}
- Linguistic rights - Rhetoric v Reality. 2015-02-17 |work=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424202017/https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/linguistic-rights-rhetoric-v-reality-2378 |archive-date=2019-04-24 |access-date=2019-05-17
- বিচার বিভাগে বাংলা প্রচলনে বুদ্ধিবৃত্তিক আন্দোলন প্রয়োজন ('Intellectual movement needed to implement Bengali in the Judiciary.) Bonik Barta Archivlink
- আইন আছে, প্রয়োগ নেই. Law exists, but no proper implementation.) Prothom Alo Archivlink
- সর্বক্ষেত্রে বাংলা ভাষা বাস্তবায়নে কেন এ বিলম্ব? (Why there’s delay to implement Bengali in all domain of life.] Jugantor Archivlink
- আইন-আদালতে বাংলা ভাষা প্রচলনের সকল প্রতিবন্ধকতা দূরীকরণ প্রসঙ্গ. (Regarding removing obstacles to implement Bengali in the Judiciary.) Dainik Sangram. Archivlink
- উচ্চ আদালতে এখনো অবহেলিত বাংলা. (Bengali still ignored in the High Court.) Prothom Alo Archivlink
- সর্বক্ষেত্রে বাংলা ভাষা ব্যবহার: হাইকোর্টের নির্দেশনা সত্ত্বেও বাস্তবায়ন হয়নি. (Bengali in all domains: High Court’s instructions not been followed.) Bhorer Kagoj. Archivlink
- বাংলা ভাষা প্রচলন আইন বাস্তবায়ন করতে হবে. (Enforce Bengali Language Implementation Act.) Daily Inqilab. Archivlink
- উচ্চ আদালতে বাংলা ভাষা. (Bengali in the High Court.) The Daily Ittefaq. Archivlink
- উচ্চ আদালতে বাংলা প্রচলন. (Implementation of Bengali in the High Court.] Prothom Alo. Archivlink
- Bangla yet to be used in judicial work. In: The Independent. Dhaka. Archivlink
- আইন কমিশনের সুপারিশ. (Law Commission’s recommendation.) Jaijaidin. Archivlink
- ↑ রায় লিখুন বাংলায়, যাতে মানুষ বোঝে: প্রধানমন্ত্রী. (Write verdicts in Bengali so that people understand' - Prime Minister) bdnews24.com 2019-02-21. Archivlink
- ↑ a b Muhammad Habibur Rahman: Prothome Matribhasha Parobhasha Porey. The University Press Limited, Dhaka 2014: S. 51–52. ISBN 978 984 506 181 0 প্রথমে মাতৃভাষা পরভাষা পরে (The first language first, the second language second) Kap.: Bangla Bhashar Sangram Ekhono Asamapto. বাংলা ভাষার সংগ্রাম এখনো অসমাপ্ত. (Bengali language movement yet to be successful.)
- ↑ ? ( des vom 7 May 2010 im Internet Archive) (Originaltitel: bn:বিচারপতি ইমান আলী ব্রিটিশ পাসপোর্টধারী, deutsch: Justice Iman Ali holds a British passport) In: Amar Desh, 5 May 2010 (bengalisch).
- ↑ Three Appellate Division judges sworn in In: The Daily Star, 10 October 2018
- ↑ 2 HC judges promoted to SC Appellate Division In: The Daily Star, 2 September 2020
- ↑ 4 HC judges to be sworn in today In: The Daily Star, 15 October 2012. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ Jobs of 4 HC judges regularised In: The Daily Star, 10 December 2012. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ 4 new Justices sworn in In: banglanews24.com. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ News in Brief In: The Daily Star, 8 October 2013. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ HC judges sworn in In: bdnews24.com, 7 October 2013. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ 5 addl HC judges sworn in In: The Daily Star, 12 June 2014. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ Justice Manik tasked with criminal cases In: The Daily Star, 15 June 2012. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ Newly appointed HC judges take oath In: The Daily Star, 6 August 2013. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ 10 HC judges sworn in In: The Daily Star, 13 February 2015. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ ? (Originaltitel: bn:হাই কোর্টে স্থায়ী হলেন ৮ বিচারক) In: bdnews24.com, 8 February 2017 (bengalisch).
- ↑ 18 additional HC judges appointed In: New Age, 31 May 2018
- ↑ 18 HC judges sworn in In: The Daily Star, 30 May 2020
- ↑ Nine new HC judges appointed In: The Daily Star, 21 October 2019
- ↑ 2004-04-21 |title=Bangladesh Judge Fired for Graft |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/248019 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=Arab News.
- ↑ [http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=161341 |title=Oath of 2 angers pro-BNP lawyers |date=5 November 2010 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=12 November 2016}}
- ↑ [http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=185465 |title=CJ-hopeful Nayeem resigns |work=The Daily Star |date=13 May 2011 |access-date=12 November 2016}}
- ↑ [http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=263292 |title=Remove Justice Nizamul from HC |work=The Daily Star |date=31 December 2012 |access-date=12 November 2016}}
- ↑ Pro-BNP, Jamaat lawyers oppose president's move In: The Daily Star, 27 February 2013. Abgerufen im 12 November 2016
- ↑ Legal notice served on govt ( des vom 14 July 2014 im Internet Archive) In: The Independent, 7 July 2014
- ↑ President's office receives Justice Sinha's resignation In: bdnews24.com. Abgerufen am 20. März 2018
- ↑ Bangladesh’s ex-chief justice sentenced to 11 years in jail for money laundering. In: www.aa.com.tr. Abgerufen am 25. Juli 2022.
- ↑ The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 241. In: archive.thedailystar.net. Abgerufen am 25. Juli 2022.
- ↑ The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 194. In: archive.thedailystar.net. Abgerufen am 25. Juli 2022.
- ↑ Justice Manik and image of judiciary. In: The Daily Star. 21. September 2015, abgerufen am 25. Juli 2022 (englisch).
Weblinks
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- Offizielle Homepage supremecourt.gov.bd
- Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Bar Council
- Chancery Law Chronicles-First ever Online Database of Bangladesh Laws
- Bangladesh Law Digest – BDLD
Koordinaten: 23° 43′ 50,9″ N, 90° 24′ 9″ O {{SORTIERUNG:Supreme Court Of Bangladesh}} [[Kategorie:Gericht (Bangladesh)]] [[Kategorie:Oberstes Gericht|Bangladesch]] [[Kategorie:Organisation (Dhaka)]] [[Kategorie:Gegründet 2004]] Government of Bangladesh]] [[Category:National supreme courts|Bangladesh]] [[Category:Judiciary of Bangladesh| ]] [[Category:1972 establishments in Bangladesh]] [[Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1972]]