Benutzer:Zyirkon/Sulfur dicyanide
Strukturformel | ||||||||||
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Allgemeines | ||||||||||
Name | Zyirkon/Sulfur dicyanide | |||||||||
Summenformel | C2N2S | |||||||||
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Eigenschaften | ||||||||||
Molare Masse | 84.10 g·mol−1 | |||||||||
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Soweit möglich und gebräuchlich, werden SI-Einheiten verwendet. Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei Standardbedingungen (0 °C, 1000 hPa). |
Sulfur dicyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula S(CN)2. A white, slightly unstable solid, the compound is mainly of theoretical and fundamental interest given its simplicity.[1]:8 It is the first member of the dicyanosulfanes Sx(CN)2, which includes thiocyanogen ((SCN)2) and higher polysulfanes up to S4(CN)2.[2] According to X-ray crystallography, the molecule is planar, the SCN units are linear, with an S-C-S angle of 95.6°.[3]
Sulfur dicyanide begins to sublime at 30-40 °C and melts at 60 °C.[4] Under an inert atmosphere, it slowly decomposes to a yellow polymer at room temperature with a rate increasing in temperature.[1]:8,14 The compound is unstable in acid, disproportionating to thiocyanate, cyanate, hydrogen sulfate,and cyanide,[5] and neutral moisture induces decomposition to thiocyanic and cyanic acids. Stable solutions are possible in many organic solvents.[1]:14
Sulfur dicyanide was first synthesized by Lassaigne in 1828 from silver cyanide and sulfur dichloride.[1]:8 Subsequent developments include Linneman's discovery that the same product arose from silver thiocyanate and cyanogen iodide,[4] and Söderbäck's extensive analysis of reactions between metal cyanides and sulfur halides.[6] Linneman also discovered that sulfur dicyanide reacts with ammonia à la Pinner to give an amidine without displacing the S–C linkage,[4] although dimethylamine induces decomposition to dimethylcyanamide and dimethylammonium thiocyanate.[1]:14
Sulfur dicyanide generally reacts with noble metals to give heteroleptic cyano-thiocyano complices, although in rare cases it can ligate without decomposition, e.g.:[1]:x
- Ir(CO)(PPh3)2Cl + NCSCN → Ir(CO)(CN)(SCN)(PPh3)2Cl
- Ir(N2)(PPh3)2Cl + S(CN)2 → Ir(S(CN)2)(PPh3)2Cl
Geschichte
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Chemische Eigenschaften
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Verwendung
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[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ a b c d e f Vorlage:Cite thesis
- ↑ Ralf Steudel, Klaus Bergemann, Monika Kustos: Crystal and Molecular Structure of Dicyanotetrasulfane S4(CN)2. In: Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 620. Jahrgang, 1994, S. 117–120, doi:10.1002/zaac.19946200119.
- ↑ K. Emerson: The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Sulfur Dicyanide. In: Acta Crystallographica. 21. Jahrgang, Nr. 6, 1966, S. 970–974, doi:10.1107/S0365110X66004262, bibcode:1966AcCry..21..970E.
- ↑ a b c F. Linneman: Untersuchung über das Cyansulfid. (deutsch: Research on cyanogen sulfide). In: Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 120. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 1861, S. 36–47, doi:10.1002/jlac.18611200103 (hathitrust.org).
- ↑ I. R. Wilson, G. M. Harris: The oxidation of thiocyanate ion by hydrogen peroxide II: The acid-catalyzed reaction. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. 83. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 1. Januar 1961, doi:10.1021/ja01463a007.
- ↑ Erik Söderbäck: Studien über das freie Rhodan. In: Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie. 419. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 1919, S. 217–322, doi:10.1002/jlac.19194190302 (zenodo.org).