Benutzer:Heuhaufen0947/Elections in North Korea
Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Politics of North Korea
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Wahlen in Nordkorea werden alle vier bis fünf Jahre für die Oberste Volksversammlung, das nationale Parlament Nordkoreas, und alle vier Jahre auf kommunaler Ebene abgehalten.[1][2]
Alle Sitze gehen an die Demokratische Front für die Wiedervereinigung des Vaterlandes.[3] Diese wird von der de facto allein regierenden Partei der Arbeit Koreas mit 87,5% der Sitze dominiert, weitere 7,4% werden von der Koreanischen Sozialdemokratischen Partei, 3,2% von der Chondoistischen Ch’ŏngu-Partei und 1,9% von parteilosen Abgeordneten besetzt.[4] Laut offiziellen Angaben beträgt die Wahlbeteiligung ebenso wie die Zustimmungsrate für die Kandidaten der Demokratischen Front immer nahezu 100%.[1] Die Wahlen werden von Kritikern häufig als Scheinwahlen bezeichnet.[5]
Ablauf
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Auf eine Frage Michael Marshalls antwortete Li Chun-sik in einer Sitzung der Vereinigung der Generalsekretäre der Parlamente der Interparlamentarischen Union folgendes:[6]
Only one candidate appears on each ballot.[7][8] Elections are ostensibly conducted by secret ballot, and a voter may cross off the candidate's name to vote against them. Voting is mandatory and turnout is habitually near 100%.[9]
Members of the Supreme People's Assembly are elected to five-year terms, and meet for SPA sessions up to ten days per year.[10] The Supreme People's Assembly elects a standing committee known as the Standing Committee, which exercises legislative functions when the Assembly is not in session which in practice is all but a few days of the year. It also elects the President of the State Affairs Commission, the country's head of state and highest state office, and the premier, the country's de jure head of government.[11]
Local elections
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Local elections have been held since 1999.[12] The people elect representatives to city, county, and provincial people's assemblies in local elections every four years.[1] The number of representatives is determined by the population of each jurisdiction.[13]
Regarding this, scholar Andrei Lankov of Kookmin University in Seoul stated that "They have a dual system: there is a mayor/governor, technically elected (but actually appointed), and also there is a city/province party secretary. It is the latter who has real power, but mayor/governor can be important in some cases as long as he knows his proper place and does not challenge the Workers' Party of Korea secretary."[14]
Criticism
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The elections have been variously described as show elections or a political census.[15][16] Seats are uncompetitive as all candidates are chosen by the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland.[3][6][8] Because of the near 100% turnout, elections double as unofficial censuses. The inminban neighborhood watch-style organization reportedly watches the elections to identify and investigate no-shows.[9]
In recent elections there have been separate boxes for "no" votes.[17] Voting against the official candidate, or refusing to vote at all, is considered an act of treason, and those who do face the loss of their jobs and housing, along with extra surveillance.[17]
Latest election
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]The latest election was held on 10 March 2019.[18]
| Alliance | Party | Votes | % | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea |
General Association of Korean Residents in Japan | 5 | ||
| Others | 682 | |||
| Total | 100 | 687 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 99.99 | – | ||
| Source:[19][18] | ||||
Past elections
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Parliamentary elections
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]By-elections
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]Local elections
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- 1946
- 1947
- 1949
- 1950
- 1956
- 1959
- 1963
- 1967
- 1972
- 1975
- 1977
- 1979
- 1981
- 1983
- 1985
- 1987
- 1989
- 1991
- 1993
- 1999
- 2003
- 2007
- 2011
- 2015
- 2019
See also
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Einzelnachweise
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]- ↑ a b c DPRK Holds Election of Local and National Assemblies. In: People's Korea. Archiviert vom am 10. Mai 2012; abgerufen am 28. Juni 2008.
- ↑ The Parliamentary System of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. In: Constitutional and Parliamentary Information. Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments (ASGP) of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, S. 4, abgerufen am 1. Oktober 2010.
- ↑ a b Angela Moon: N.Korea vote may point to Kim successor, Reuters, 8 March 2009
- ↑ The Parliamentary System of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. In: Constitutional and Parliamentary Information. Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments (ASGP) of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, S. 5, archiviert vom am 3. März 2012; abgerufen am 1. Oktober 2010.
- ↑ North Korea election turnout 99.99 percent: State media. In: www.aljazeera.com. Abgerufen am 31. Mai 2021 (englisch).
- ↑ a b The Parliamentary System of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. In: Constitutional and Parliamentary Information. Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments (ASGP) of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, S. 17–18, abgerufen am 1. Oktober 2010.
- ↑ North Korea votes for new rubber-stamp parliament, Associated Press, 8 March 2009
- ↑ a b Kim wins re-election with 99.9% of the vote In: The New York Times, 9 March 2009
- ↑ a b Vorlage:Cite magazine
- ↑ The Parliamentary System of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. In: Constitutional and Parliamentary Information. Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments (ASGP) of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, abgerufen am 1. Oktober 2010.
- ↑ The Far East and Australasia 2003. 34th Auflage. Europa Publications, London 2002, ISBN 978-1-85743-133-9, S. 680 (google.com).
- ↑ North Korea elections: What is decided and how? In: BBC News. 19. Juli 2015, abgerufen am 26. November 2015.
- ↑ Kim Seong Hwan: NK to hold local elections next month. In: DailyNK. 10. Juni 2015, abgerufen am 11. Juni 2015.
- ↑ Rob York: North Korea's local elections coming in July. In: NK News. 9. Juni 2015, abgerufen am 11. Juni 2015.
- ↑ Choe Sang-Hun: North Korea Uses Election To Reshape Parliament In: The New York Times, 9 March 2014. Abgerufen im 18 March 2014
- ↑ Oliver Hotham: The weird, weird world of North Korean elections In: NK News, 3 March 2014. Abgerufen im 17 July 2015
- ↑ a b Foregone result in North Korea's local elections, Al-Jazeera English, 19 July 2015
- ↑ a b Colin Zwirko: Kim Jong Un left off list of officials elected to 14th Supreme People's Assembly. In: NK News. 12. März 2019, abgerufen am 18. März 2019.
- ↑ ? (Originaltitel: ko:최고인민회의 대의원으로 선출된 재일동포들). In: Choson Sinbo. 15. März 2019, abgerufen am 17. März 2019 (koreanisch).
Weblinks
[Bearbeiten | Quelltext bearbeiten]{{North Korean elections|state=uncollapsed}} {{Asia topic|Elections in}} {{North Korea topics}}
[[Category:Elections in North Korea| ]]